In order to examine application of various herbicides for controlling weeds in wheat crop, a field trial was conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) during the year 2015-2016. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangements having three replications. The main plot was comprised application time of herbicides while the use of herbicides was assigned to sub-plots. The data revealed that most of the weed parameters, physiological traits and agronomic attributes of crop plants were significantly affected by weed management practices including the use of herbicides at different time intervals over the weedy check. Hand weeding technique excelled all other weed management practices in almost all the parameters studied. This technique was found to be the most effective treatment against all prevailing weeds and obtained the highest grain yield of wheat under climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan.
-Two-year field experiments were conducted to investigate the phytotoxicity of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) on weed control and yield of wheat in 2013-14 and 2014-15. Mesquite aqueous extracts were prepared with 10, 20, 30 and 40% concentration of leaves, stems, and roots and were compared with tap water (control). These experiments were laid out in a completely randomized block design with four replications. All parameters (weed density, fresh weed biomass, dry weed biomass, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, plant height and number of tillers) were significantly reduced by applying the mesquite extracts. Among different concentrations, the maximum level (40%) of all three plant parts of mesquite subsequently reduced the study parameters including weed density, fresh and dry weed biomass, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, chlorophyll contents, plant height, number of tillers, spike length, number of grains, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and grain protein content. On the basis of the results, it is concluded that aqueous extracts of mesquite may contain many phytotoxic substances which can negatively affect the growth and yield of agricultural crops; therefore, wheat should not be planted close to mesquite.Keywords: allelopathy, extract, weeds, wheat yield. RESUMO -Experimentos de campo foram conduzidos durante dois anos para investigar a fitotoxicidade da algaroba (Prosopis
Lathyrus aphaca is an aggressive dicotyledonous weed. The effect of different agroecological components/factors on the germination ecology of this weed was explored under a glasshouse and laboratory condition in 2014. The germination response of L. aphaca was lower at high temperature while maximum seed germination was found at 15/12 oC (day/night). Light significantly stimulated L. aphaca germination; nevertheless, substantial germination occurred under dark conditions. More than 86-90% of L. aphaca seeds germinated at pH level of 6.2-7.5. A significant quantity of seed germinated at 250 mM NaCl. There was no germination at -1 MPa. When the temperature was lower than 20/15 oC (day/night) initiation time of germination and germination index (GI) decreased but time to 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT) increased. Darkness resulted in increased time to start germination, T50, MGT and decreased GI in L. aphaca when compared with the 10 and 12 h photoperiods. The pH of 6 and above 7 enhanced germination time, T50, MGT but decreased GI. Salt stress above 100 mM increased time to germination, T50, MGT but reduced GI. Osmotic potential above -0.4 MPa increased initial germination time, T50 and MGT as well as decreased germination index (GI) of L. aphaca. Increased seed depth in soil lowered germination percentage and GI but enhanced initial germination time, T50, MGT. It was concluded that L. aphaca can grow over a wide range of agroecological/environmental conditions. These results may aid the development of agronomic tools and strategies for weed management in arable crops for yield enhancement.
The effect of irrigation frequencies i.e. 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 was studied at the Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, during the year 1995. The parameters like plant height, head diameter, number of grains per head, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per hectare were significantly affected by irrigation levels and six irrigations were found optimum for obtaining good yield of sunflower. On the basis of research findings, six irrigation are recommended for sunflower crop to obtain maximum seed yield under irrigated conditions.
Studies were carried out to see the response of dual-purpose wheat to different nitrogen levels i.e. 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 in cut (for forage and grain purpose) vs. uncut (for grain only) treatments at the Agriculture Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan during the years 2009-10 and 2010-11. The results revealed that maximum number of days to heading (123.5 and 124.5), plant height (117.7 and 116.6 cm), grain protein content (11.59 and 12.47%), fresh forage yield (2,646 and 2,956 kg ha-1) and grain yield (4,631 and 4,489 kg ha-1) were recorded in plots that received either 150 or 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen respectively and vice-versa. The data indicated higher values for number of days to heading in cut (124.9) as compared to uncut plots (118.9). Uncut plots attained maximum plant height (112.4 cm), leaf area index and duration at 112 DAS (2.82 and 45.2 respectively) and crop growth rate (15.44 g m-2 day-1). Significantly lower fresh and dry weed weights were recorded in cut plots as compared to uncut plots while different nitrogen levels did not affect them significantly. Grain protein content was slightly lower in cut plots (11.11%) under different levels of nitrogen as compared to uncut plots (11.24). Dual-purpose wheat resulted in a higher benefit cost ratio as compared to grain-only wheat using higher nitrogen levels. It was concluded from the studies that either 150 or 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen can be profitably used for enhancing dual-purpose wheat productivity.
Mobile video processing as defined in standards like contains a number of timeconsuming computations that cannot be efficiently executed on current hardware architectures. The authors recently introduced a reconfigurable SoC platform that permits a low-power, high-throughput and flexible implementation of the motion estimation and DCT algorithms. The computations are done using domainspecific reconfigurable arrays that have demonstrated up to 75% reduction in power consumption when compared to generic FPGA architecture, which makes them suitable for portable devices. This paper presents and compares different configurations of the arrays to efficiently implementing DCT and motion estimation algorithms. A number of algorithms are mapped into the various reconfigurable fabrics demonstrating the flexibility of the new reconfigurable SoC architecture and its ability to support a number of implementations having different performance characteristics
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