Application of Various Herbicides on Controlling Large and Narrow Leaf Weeds and Their Effects on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Wheat

Abstract

In order to examine application of various herbicides for controlling weeds in wheat crop, a field trial was conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) during the year 2015-2016. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangements having three replications. The main plot was comprised application time of herbicides while the use of herbicides was assigned to sub-plots. The data revealed that most of the weed parameters, physiological traits and agronomic attributes of crop plants were significantly affected by weed management practices including the use of herbicides at different time intervals over the weedy check. Hand weeding technique excelled all other weed management practices in almost all the parameters studied. This technique was found to be the most effective treatment against all prevailing weeds and obtained the highest grain yield of wheat under climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan.

Seletividade e eficácia de herbicidas aplicados à cultura do trigo

“…This fact may be related to phytotoxicity, inefficiency, or competition factors, varying according to the treatments used. Data found by BARI et al (2020) when evaluating the use of herbicides in wheat, found that they did not show significance for the variable PMG, but showed the lowest weights in the infested control, and higher values when the herbicides clodinafop-propargyl, tribenuron+fluroxypyr+clopyralid, bromoxynil+MCPA, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluroxypyr, pinoxaden+cloquintocet-mexyl, tribenuron-methyl+metsulfuron-methyl, and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuran, or with the manual weeding method. The application of pyroxsulam and clodinafop-propargyl showed higher PMG when used in weed management of wheat cultivar BRS 264 (OLIVEIRA 2019).…”

“…The other treatments, including the weeded and infested control, were in intermediate levels. BARI et al (2020) found the highest number of grains per ear in herbicide application and manual weeding treatments.…”

“…Herbicides, when applied to crops, can exert direct or indirect effects on the growth and development of plants, causing changes in physiological and metabolic processes, intoxication, deregulation of defense mechanisms, cellular oxidation, changes in nutrient uptake, among others (RIZZARDI et al 2003, GALON et al 2015, BARI et al 2020. The incorrect use of herbicides can cause negative interference on the components of grain yield of crops, inefficiency in weed control, and negative impacts on agroecosystems (ZAKARIYYA et al 2013, GALON et al 2015, BARI et al 2020.…”

Manejo químico de plantas daninhas infestantes da cultura do trigo

“…E além do mais quando a planta sofre fitotoxicidade, a mesma desencadeia mecanismos de defesa, havendo maior gastos de energia (fotossíntese) para conseguir metabolizar o herbicida, emitindo assim novas folhas livres de fitotoxicidade (Agostinetto et al, 2016;Raj et al, 2020;Tamagno et al, 2022). Alguns estudos tem relatado a ocorrência de diferenças de resultados quanto ao número de espigas em trigo em virtude da aplicação de herbicidas (Bari et al, 2020;Zakariyya et al, 2022) e que isso deve-se as características genéticas das cultivares e também a seletividade do próprio produto utilizado (Ramos et al, 2021).…”

“…Os herbicidas quando aplicados nas culturas podem exercer efeitos diretos ou indiretos no crescimento e no desenvolvimento das plantas, provocando alterações nos processos fisiológicos e metabólicos, causando intoxicação, desregulação dos mecanismos de defesa, oxidação celular, alterações na absorção de nutrientes, dentre outros (Agostinetto et al, 2016;Bari et al, 2020;Tamagno et al, 2022). O uso de herbicidas também pode ocasionar interferência negativa sobre os componentes do rendimento de grãos das culturas ou não apresentarem eficácia para o controle de plantas daninhas ou mesmo ocasionarem impactos negativos aos agros ecossistemas quando utilizados de modo incorreto (Tavares et al, 2018;Bari et al, 2020;Zakariyya et al, 2022).…”