Tapping panel dryness is an important limiting factor in rubber productivity of Hevea brasiliensis. In order to assess the sensitivity to this syndrome, the effect of two intensive latex harvesting technologies on moderately metabolized GT1 clone, has been studied in the South-Eastern region of Côte d'Ivoire. The rubber trees were planted according to the experimental mono-tree device, "One tree one plot design" a tree constituting a repetition, and 31 trees per treatment, selected on circumference and health status criteria. The parameters measured were rubber production, circumference increase, physiological profile and tapping panel dryness sensitivity. The results showed that induction of tapping panel dryness in latex harvesting system, S/2 d/3 6d/7 ET 10 % Pa 1 (1) 1/ w) was significantly low (0.18 ± 0,22 %) than that of the control (S d/1 6d/7 unstimulated, 1.43 ± 1.45 %). Productivity of this particular system was also good (62 ± 16.32 g.a-1.s-1) and it especially has less stress that can cause physiological fatigue, or even the notch dry. Otherwise, Rubber production, radial vegetative growth, physiological parameters of the latex and the tapping panel dryness rate were influenced by the two treatments applied to GT 1. In addition, the medium and high sucrose contents (16.5 ± 3.01%) and thiol group (0.51 ± 0.13 mmol.l-1) of the latex in the treatment (S/2 d/3 6d/7 ET 10% Pa 1 (1) 1 / w), were instrumental in the response to this stimulation. The sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness is in very close linear relation with the harvest intensity of the latex to which the GT 1 clone has been subjected. These results corroborate and confirm the moderate sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness of GT 1 clone.
Cowpea is a legume consumed in Côte d'Ivoire. There are many cultivars whose seeds are widely available. This study aimed to determine some agronomic and physicochemical characteristics of some cowpea cultivars in order to identify differences and if possible select the best for appropriate uses. The study included 16 cultivars; the agro-morphological variability was assessed on the basis of eight parameters. The results showed that the accessions N21DR, N18ZR, N10BBrp produced more seeds in a relatively short growing cycle. For the biochemical characterization, parameters such as moisture, ash, protein, fat, total carbohydrates and energy value were determined by conventional methods. Differences were observed between the physicochemical parameters of the analyzed cultivars seeds. The cultivar (N19ZBoBp) recorded the highest protein content.Keywords: Cowpea, chemical composition, agronomic parameters, food safety, productivityEuropean Scientific Journal August 2016 edition vol.12, No.24 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857-7431 363 RésuméLe niébé est une légumineuse consommée en Côte d'Ivoire. Il existe de nombreux cultivars dont les graines sont largement disponibles. La présente étude a eu pour objectif de déterminer quelques caractéristiques agronomiques et physicochimiques de quelques cultivars de niébé aux fins d'identifier des différences et sélectionner si possible les meilleurs pour des usages appropriés. L'étude a porté sur 16 accessions, la variabilité agromorphologique a été évaluée sur la base de huit paramètres. Les résultats ont montré que les accessions N21DR, N18ZR, N10BBrp ont produit plus de graines dans un cycle de culture relativement court. Pour la caractérisation biochimique, les paramètres tels que l'humidité, la teneur en cendres, les protéines, les lipides, les glucides totaux et la valeur énergétique ont été déterminés selon des méthodes conventionnelles. Des différences ont été observées entre les paramètres physicochimiques des graines de cultivars analysés. Le cultivar (N19ZBoBp) a enregistré la teneur la plus élevée en protéine.
The cultivated rubber clones are sensitive to latex harvesting regimes according to their laticiferous metabolism. Thus, in order to determine the best latex harvesting systems of clones with active or rapid metabolism (IRCA 18, IRCA 130, PB 235, PB 260 and PB 330), six latex harvesting technologies are applied to them in a bulk statistical device from Fisher to four rehearsals. The rubber is tapped in downward half spiral stimulated or not for nine years after the opening of the tapping panel. The agronomic parameters (production, vegetative growth), the tapping panel dryness and those of the latex micro diagnosis were evaluated. The results indicate that these clones independently of the latex harvesting system have good rubber productivity (2310 kg.ha -1 .y -1 ) with good radial vegetative growth (2.9 cm.y -1 ). Their trees show a wellbalanced physiological profile and an acceptable sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness (4.9%). However, the physiological index, the bark consumption and the sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness lead to retain the latex harvesting technologies " S/2 d3 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y and S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y " for the best. This index, favorably influencing the choice of technologies adapted to clones with active metabolism, contributes to the modern and efficient management of a rubber plantation.
Land preparation method and preceding crops affect the evolution of rubber trees. Its ignorance and/or poor execution do not allow the efficient development of the agronomic and economic potentialities of plantations. In order to remove this constraint, a study was undertaken in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. The rubber trees were planted at 510 trees/ha according to a Fisherblock experimental design, of six preceding crop treatments with three repetitions. Only one latex harvesting system was applied (S/2 d/4 6d/7 ET 2.5% Pa 1 (1) 6/y). The parameters measured were rubber yield, annual average girth increment, physiological profile, sensitivity to tapping panel dryness and sensitivity to root rot caused by the genus Fomes. The results showed that the rate of rubber trees found in the plots was good (90.73± 0.47 %) and had varied with land preparation method depending on the preceding crops. Vegetative growth at tapping (2.05±1.36 cm.year -1 ), and average rubber yield (2053±179 kg.ha-1 .year -1 ) and the rate of tree loss due to the genus Fomes (8.33±0.42%) were influenced by land preparation method. The good productivity, the good physiological state of the rubber trees were characterized by a well balanced physiological profile and a tapping panel dryness rate (3.60 ± 1.74%), independently of treatments. The Agroeconomic results showed that mechanically prepared fallow (813641 FCFA.ha-1 .year -1 ) was the best preceding crop and land preparation method. This technical result has two main interests for the national rubber-growing industry, since it actively participates in the national policy for fighting against deforestation but also contributes to the establishment of a secondary forest by the attributes of the rubber-growing plant cover.
Rubber growing is one of the most important industrial crops in Ivory Coast. In order to achieve a good sustainable rubber crop of Hevea brasiliensis in Ivory Coast, the effect of bleeding at unstimulated d4 frequency on radial vegetative growth was evaluated with 16 clones of Hevea brasiliensis divided into three classes of vegetative growth and metabolic activity, planted in a completely randomized block pattern. Agronomic (vegetative growth and rubber production) and physiological (sucrose and inorganic phosphorus levels) parameters were assessed over nine years. The results obtained showed that bleeding in d4 had a significant impact on the mean annual increase in circumference of bleeding trees (3.04 cm.yr -1 ) relative to that of non-bleeding trees (5.29 cm.yr -1 ). The reduction in growth expressed as a percentage of the vegetative growth potential was estimated at 42.53%. Mean annual circumference increments of unbleeded trees of clones of active (MAC; 5.46 cm.yr -1 ) and moderate (MMC; 4.96 cm.yr -1 ) vegetative and metabolic growth classes are significantly greater than those of bleeding trees of clones of the same classes (3.00 and 2.80 cm.yr -1 ). On the other hand, the average annual increments of the slow vegetative and metabolic growing clones (SMC) are hardly affected by bleeding. The production and reduction in growth were 58.96 g.a -1 .s -1 , 45.06% for MAC, 56.2 g.a -1 .s -1 and 43.55% for SMC, and 39.83 g.a -1 .s -1 and 23.8% for SMC, respectively. A very highly significant polynomial relationship (R 2 = 1) between percent reduction in increment (%RedAcc), rubber production and P/Sac and Pi/Sac ratios was found. The percentage of vegetative growth potential below 50% is a sign that bleeding at the unstimulated d4 frequency is a good indicator for improving the productivity of rubber clones without damaging the physiological state.
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