ERP systems are increasingly adopted by SMEs. The ERP system is one of the more complex information systems to implement and its failure rate remains high despite the accumulated experiences. Its implementation indeed requires a large amount of knowledge and technical expertise and skills. Therefore, to facilitate access to the knowledge and expertise that have external partners, SMEs implanting ERP weave social relations (i.e. social conduits) with these external partners. Social conduits allow the transfer knowledge and sharing of expertise. The woven relations represent a social capital for the SMEs and enable them to develop their own technical knowledge, skills and experience (before the withdrawal of external partners). These intangible resources developed represent their human capital. This paper proposes, from the existing literature, a theoretical framework in which are represented the potential factors that can impact on the development of human capital. This paper is a theoretical research which contributes to the literature by showing the existence of an effect (direct and indirect) of social capital on human capital development of SMEs in the implementation ERP project. Regarding practical implications, the framework identified in this research can help the manager of SMEs to increase the likelihood of successful implementation of ERP systems.

The open source ERP systems are beginning to take a significant market share of ERP in SMEs. They are
supported and developed by several actors: open source editors and communities. The purpose of this study is to
examine the risk factors in the relationship of open source ERP editors and their partners (i.e., the information
technology (IT) services companies). Three exploratory case studies on partnership relations between ERP editors
and IT services companies are carried out by relying on a qualitative method of collecting and analyzing data. The
results show the existence of several of risks in such a relationship: the risk of fork, the risk of opportunistic
behavior, the risk of conflict, the risk of absorption, the risk of non-appropriation, and finally the risk differences of
objectives. These results confirm the risk factors already found in the literature in strategic alliances. This research
is based on a qualitative approach, therefore reducing its generalization. In terms of managerial implications, this
research creates awareness among leaders of IT services companies, who wish to become a partner of ERP open
source editor, to the risks involved in such collaboration. Open source Software and particularly open source
ERP systems are a modern phenomenon. This paper examines the relationship between open source ERP editors
and their partners in terms of risk, whereas the literature on risk factors focuses only in the world of proprietary
software (or commercial)

The concept of user of organizational information system (OIS), contrary to the general thinking among both practitioners and researchers, is problematic. This work therefore seeks to set this concept by referring to literature in OIS. The authors have proposed a theoretical framework that models the different dimensions to consider when determining the different user profiles in an introduction of an IS/IT. The finding of this work is, in particular, a metamodel of the user operating in an environment where the information system is considered as a set of social actors that store and process information-representations through technological artefacts of information. Each type of user has a specific role or involvement in an IS / IT project. Exchanges and interactions, during the project, allow each type of user to contribute to the development of the stock of intellectual resources (knowledge, skills, competence, etc.) which increases the level of human capital and intellectual capital.

IT is recognized as a catalyst for higher efficiency and better performance in health organizations. However, due to financial constraints and the expensive cost of commercial solutions, the adoption of health and medical informatics (HMI) has lagged behind expectations. Open source software (OSS) appears as an alternative to reduce the barriers of HMI adoption and challenge the commercial status quo. There is a wide variety of available programs with a wide variety of features; however, unlike drugs and medical treatment devices, OSS developed for health purposes are not required to be clinically validated in a trial. There are numerous sources on the Internet and studies that propose lists of OSS in health care; however, none of them have considered the impact of the selected OSS or the evaluation of the software quality. This scoping review permitted to identify 25 validated OSS applications in numerous health fields, such as radiology, neurology, cardiology and surgery. Moreover, the scoping review permitted to portray the validation process and to apply, for the first time, the D&M model on OSS in health.