Vulnerability assessment to delineate areas that are more susceptible to contamination from anthropogenic sources has become an important element for sensible resource management and land use planning. It has been recognized for its ability to delineate areas that are more likely than others to become contaminated as a result of anthropogenic activities near the earth's surface. The main methods of mapping and assessing intrinsic vulnerability in porous media are the following: SI, GOD, SINTACS and DRASTIC. The basic purpose of these maps is to divide an area into more classes, each of which will represent a different dynamic for a specific purpose and use. These models have been used to map groundwater vulnerability to pollution in Hamadan-Bahar aquifer. The results showed in models of DRASTIC, SI, GOD and SINTACS, respectively, 7.1, 44.21, 29.56 and 20.16 percent of the areas are high potential vulnerabilities. According to the model DRASTIC at study area, 33.6% of has a low class of groundwater vulnerability to contamination, whereas a total of 29.4% of the study area has a moderate vulnerability. The final results indicate that the aquifer system in the interested area is relatively protected from contamination on the groundwater surface. The correlation between models shows that DRASTIC model has the highest CI, which is 141, and the GOD model has the highest CI, which is 139. Also, the highest CI for SINTACS and SI is 137 and 136, respectively. Therefore, DRASTIC model is the best model among these models for predicting groundwater vulnerability in Hamadan-Bahar plain aquifer.
El agua subterránea es vulnerable a la contaminación debido a actividades humanas. Un aspecto fundamental de su manejo es la localización de la vulnerabilidad. El acuífero de Hamadan-Bahar se encuentra en la parte central de la provincia de Hamadan al oeste de Irán, y es una reserva económica prioritaria ya que se utiliza tanto en irrigación como para consumo doméstico. A partir de 2005 se han desarrollado en Irán modelos numéricos para evaluar la vulnerabilidad y varios indicadores hidrológicos de contaminación potencial del agua. La aplicación de métodos como DRASTIC, SINTACS, SI y GOD ha mostrado que las zonas de mayor vulnerabilidad se encuentran al sur y al oeste del acuífero de Hamadan-Bahar. Los resultados indican que con los modelos DRASTIC, SI, GOD y SINTACS, el 7.1, 44.21, 29.56 y 20.16 por ciento de las áreas tienen un alto potencial de vulnerabilidad. Considerando el modelo DRASTIC el 33.6 % del área de estudio presenta una vulnerabilidad baja a la contaminación, mientras que el 29.4% presenta vulnerabilidad moderada. La precisión de los modelos se evaluó aplicando una regresión lineal entre los valores observados de nitratos y la vulnerabilidad estimada por contaminación en los pozos medidos. Una correlación significativa se observó entre los nitratos medidos y el potencial de contaminación evaluada con el modelo DRASTIC p<0.05, sin embargo con los modelos GOD, SINTACS e IS no se observó una correlación significativa. Los resultados mostraron que el modelo DRASTIC fue el mejor para estimar la vulnerabilidad del agua subterránea a la contaminación en los pozos medidos.
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