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A simple hydrothermal method is utilized to synthesize iron-doped tin oxide nanoparticles (Fe-SnO2 NPs) at various doping concentrations. The structural characterization using XRD, Raman, and FTIR measurements confirmed the incorporation of Fe ions into the SnO2 lattice without any deviation in the tetragonal crystal system of SnO2 nanoparticles. SEM and HRTEM images show the spherical-shaped nanoparticles with agglomeration. The values of interplanar spacing ( d -value) calculated from the HRTEM lattice are consistent with the XRD results. Further, optical analysis revealed a red shift in the optical absorption band and a decrease in the band gap energy with an increase in Fe-dopant concentration. The decrease of PL emission peak intensity with Fe doping revealed the generation of singly charged oxygen vacancies. The H2O2-assisted photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Fe-SnO2 NPs investigated against crystal violet dye indicated an efficiency of 98% for 0.05 M Fe-SnO2 NPs within 30 minutes under visible light illumination. In addition, the effects of pH, scavengers, and reusability of the catalyst are tested. The antibacterial behavior of Fe-SnO2 NPs against Escherichia coli is examined by using the colony count method, and the inhibition rate was found to be 49, 65, 70, and 78% for pure, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 M Fe-SnO2 NPs, respectively.

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Aim :Methodology : Results : Interpretation :Bioethanol is a suitable and best alternative to the replenishing fossil fuel in the fast growing world. To meet the rising demand of ethanol in the global market, there needs to be lot of improvisation in the process. One such method is to utilize more pentose sugar along with hexose in the substrate for better yield. In the present study, the efficiency of species for the production of ethanol was studied in corncobs and sugarcane bagasse.The sugarcane bagasse and corn cobs were collected from local market, Coimbatore andThe lignocellulosic materials were treated by various combination of pretreatment (acid and alkali pretreatment) and hydrolysis (acid, alkaline and sodium carbonate hydrolysis) methods to maximize the fermentable sugars in the substrate. The fermentation conditions such as pH, inoculum age, nitrogen source and fermentation time for ethanol production were optimized and the fermented media of both substrates were subjected to distillation to find ethanol percentage by gas chromatography.Acid pretreatment with sodium carbonate hydrolysis produced higher sugar yield for both the lignocellulosic materials. The studies on optimization showed maximum production using 24 hr inoculum, with 1% nitrogen source at pH 6, during 6 day of fermentation @ 120 rpm for corn cobs and sugarcane bagasse. The results revealed that ethanol concentration in sugarcane bagasse and corn cobs were 27.93 g l and 20.78 g l , respectively. The strain efficiently utilized sugarcane bagasse than corn cobs and produced high concentration of ethanol. Candida parapsilosis BKR1Candida parapsilosis BKR1 was isolated from sugar cane extract. Candida parapsilosis BKR1th th -1 -1