Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread compound associated with the manufacture of many consumer products. The BPA-induced reproductive toxicity was reported to be mainly attributed to oxidative stress. However, the role of antioxidants usage to decrease the injurious effects of BPA, on male reproductive functions, remains to unveil. The present research is established to evaluate the role of selenium (Se) and its nano form (NSe) as protective agents to alleviate BPA-induced testicular toxicity. Ninety mature albino male rats were assigned into six equal groups: negative control; orally BPA 150 mg/kg; Se 3 mg/kg; NSe 2 mg/kg; both BPA 150 mg/kg and Se 3 mg/kg; and BPA 150 mg/kg + NSe 2 mg/kg. The experiment lasted for 70 consecutive days, and then serum was collected for estimation of prostatic acid phosphatase. Testicular tissues were subjected to measurement of antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and expression of some apoptotic genes. Our results reported that BPA-induced marked testicular damage evidenced by significant elevations in serum prostatic acid phosphatase activity, malondialdehyde levels, a decrease in testicular catalase activity and reduced glutathione level. Moreover, marked DNA internucleosomal fragmentation pattern as well as upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and estrogen receptor-2 NSe genes were detected. Coadministration of Se and NSe attenuated the reproductive toxicity induced by BPA via improvement of the antioxidant activity, genetic changes, and restoration of testicular tissue nearly as control one. These results indicated that both Se and NSe forms could be used as reproductive protective agents against the detrimental effect induced by BPA. However, the NSe surpassed the selenium in modulating the DNA laddering, and the studied gene expression levels, and offered a potent reproductive protection.

The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effects of supplemental nano-selenium (NSe) and nano-zinc oxide (NZn-O) particles during in vitro maturation (IVM) on DNA damage of cumulus cells, glutathione (GSH) concentration in bovine oocytes, subsequent embryo development and re-expansion rate of vitrified warmed blastocysts. The current study was conducted on bovine ovaries obtained from a local abattoir and transported to the laboratory in sterile phosphate buffer saline with antibiotics at 37°C, within 1 h after slaughter. Ovaries were pooled, regardless of stage of the oestrous cycle of the donor. Only cumulus-intact complexes with evenly granulated cytoplasm were selected for IVM. Experimental design included the following: Experiment 1 studied the effect of addition of 1.0 µg/mL NSe or NZn-O to IVM medium on DNA damage of cumulus cells; Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of NSe or NZn-O on intracellular glutathione in oocytes and cumulus cells; in Experiment 3, the development of oocytes matured in IVM medium supplemented with 1.0 µg/mL NSe or NZn-O was investigated; and in Experiment 4, the effects of adding 1.0 µg/mL NSe and NZn-O to in vitro fertilisation media on vitrified oocytes and embryos were investigated. The DNA damage in cumulus cells decreased with supplemental NSe and NZn-O at concentration of 1 µg/mL in the IVM medium (180.2 ± 21.4, 55.8 ± 4.3 and 56.6 ± 3.9 for the control and NSe and NZn-O groups respectively). Total GSH concentrations increased following supplementation with 1 µg/mL NSe and 1 µg/mL NZn-O, compared with the control group. Re-expansion rate of vitrified warmed blastocysts in experimental media containing NSe and NZn-O with ethylene glycol was higher than that of the control. In conclusion, providing NSe and NZn-O during oocyte maturation significantly increased both intracellular GSH concentration and DNA integrity of cumulus cells. Optimal embryo development was partially dependent on the presence of NSe and NZn-O during IVM. NSe and NZn-O during oocyte maturation act as a good cryoprotective agents of vitrified, warmed blastocysts.

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