Skin wound healing strategies that promote sustainable healing, prevent bacterial infections, and cause only mild irritation are urgently needed for open wound therapy. In this study, a system that consists of a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐degradable hydrogel dressing, with encapsulated biosafe nitric oxide (NO) donor L‐arginine (L‐Arg), and a low level (100 × 10−6 m) of the household disinfectant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is established for sustainable wound therapy and disinfection. Under stimulation with a low level of H2O2, NO is sustainably generated from L‐Arg within the hydrogel dressing, which mediates macrophage and fibroblast chemotaxis to the wound site, as well as collagen synthesis, resulting in rapid wound healing and skin organ regeneration. The combination of H2O2 and NO also endows the system with a synergistic antibacterial ability to eliminate ampicillin‐resistant Escherichia coli. In addition, a full‐thickness skin wound model demonstrates that the ROS‐degradable hydrogel dressing, with a wound exudate adsorption ability, shows effective wound healing promotion and a good biocompatibility, without any hazardous residues and skin irritation. This ROS‐responsive, degradable, synergistic wound healing system provides an alternative strategy for sustainable wound treatment, both at home and in the clinic.
To achieve the clinical potential of neural stem cells (NSCs), it is crucial to activate NSC differentiation into neurons and simultaneously monitor the process of NSC differentiation. However, there are many challenges associated with regulating and tracking NSC differentiation. Methods : We developed a redox-responsive multifunctional nanocomplex with a disulfide bond—cvNC—for the delivery of siRNAs to induce NSC differentiation through sequence-specific RNA interference (RNAi) and real-time imaging of sequential mRNA expression during differentiation. The stability and specificity of cvNCs were studied in vitro . Controlled release of siRNA, gene silencing efficiency, as well as real-time imaging of cvNCs on Tubb3 and Fox3 mRNAs during NSC differentiation were evaluated. Results : The introduction of a redox-sensitive disulfide bond not only ensures the remarkable performance of cvNC, such as high stability, controlled siRNA release, and enhanced gene silencing efficiency, but also effectively stimulates NSC differentiation into neurons. More importantly, the cvNC can track NSC differentiation in real-time by monitoring the sequential expression of mRNAs. Conclusion : Our study indicates that cvNC can serve as a robust system for exploring NSCs differentiation process as well as other biological events in living cells.
BackgroundReports on the association of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure with adolescent bone health are scarce, and studies have primarily targeted maternal serum.ObjectiveWe evaluated the relationship between autologous serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents.MethodsWe analyzed data from 1228 adolescents aged 12-19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010 and used multiple regression analysis to identify the relationship between serum PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA concentrations and total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMD, in addition to multiple stratified subgroup analyses.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 15 years, males had higher serum PFAS concentrations than females. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the natural log(ln)-transformed serum PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA concentrations were negatively correlated with total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMD (all p < 0.05), and ln-PFHxS was positively correlated with total femur and femoral neck BMD (all p< 0.05). In males, ln-PFOA was negatively associated with total femur and lumbar spine BMD (all p< 0.05), ln-PFOS was associated with the reduced total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMD (all p< 0.05), while ln-PFHxS and ln-PFNA were not observed to correlate with BMD at these three sites. In females, both ln-PFOA and ln-PFOS were negatively correlated with total femur and lumbar spine BMD (all p< 0.05), ln-PFHxS is associated with the increased total femur and femoral neck BMD (all p< 0.05), and ln-PFNA was negatively correlated with total femur and femoral neck BMD (all p< 0.05), most of the associations were confined to females. The associations of ln-PFOS with femoral neck BMD and ln-PFNA with total femur BMD were more significant in those who were overweight/obese and had anemia, respectively (all p for interaction < 0.05).ConclusionsIn this representative sample of US adolescents aged 12-19 years, certain PFAS were associated with lower bone mineral density, and most of the associations were confined to females. The negative effect of PFAS on BMD is more pronounced in those who are overweight/obese and have anemia. However, further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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