Drug adherence of patients with epilepsy was investigated to determine the reasons behind poor adherence. In this retrospective chart review study, all patients with a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy were recruited at the outpatient epilepsy clinic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. We routinely asked about the patient's drug adherence and reasons behind poor drug adherence in every office visit. We defined drug adherence adequate if the patient reported less than or equal to one missed dose per month. Patients' drug adherences were investigated during two time periods: March 2010-2011 (before intensification of the international economic sanctions against Iran), and September 2012-2013 (during intensified international economic sanctions). One hundred and ninety-nine patients were studied. Drug adherence was satisfactory in 139 patients (69.8 %) during the first time period. Drug adherence was satisfactory in 146 patients (73.4 %) during the second time period. The most common reasons for poor drug adherence was carelessness, followed by cost and lack of drug availability (1.5 % in the first time period and 4 % in the second time period; P = 0.07). About one-third of patients with epilepsy had poor drug adherence. To overcome the problem, it is important to find the reasons behind poor drug adherence in each patient and try to overcome the cause. Purely from a clinical and patient care perspective, it seems necessary that politicians should facilitate decisions that make the health and well-being of ordinary people more affordable and without hardship.
To assess the prevalence and correlates of low physical activity among Iranian population aged 15-64 years. We used the data collected in National Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Iran, 2011. Physical activity was categorized in 3 levels of low, moderate, and high based on a Persian version of Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The multistage cluster sampling design was accounted for using complex survey analysis method. The sample included 10016 individuals; 41.7% (n = 4178) were men and 58.3% (n = 5837) were women. The mean (SD) age of participants was 38.8 (14.9) years also, and 69.8% (n = 6991) of the participants were from urban areas. The prevalence of low physical activity in the whole population was estimated to be 44.8% (95% CI: 41.7, 48.1). The odds of lower physical activity in the women were 3 times greater than men (OR = 3.14; 95% CI: 2.64, 3.57); in the wealthiest people was 25% lower than the poorest people (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.94). The odds of lower physical activity in the age groups 55-64 years were 44% greater than the youngest age groups 15-24 years (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.68). The odds of lower physical activity in the obese participants were 18% greater than normal-weight people (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38).). The odds of lower physical activity in diabetic patients were 30% greater than healthy people (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.57). The prevalence of low physical activity in Iran, 2011 was high. The correlates of low physical activity in Iran are different to those of Western populations. The main associated factors with low physical activity were female gender, urban area, low socioeconomic status, obesity, diabetes, and older age. Public health policies should target the groups at highest risk of low physical activity.
The results suggest that male gender is associated with greater stated willingness to undergo biopsy. Also, the Internet is an important source of information for patients with cancer and may strongly influence their decisions about whether to consent to biopsies in early clinical trials.
The mean NCV at the elbow recorded from ADM and FDI were 62.65 +/- 7.62 m/s and 60.49 +/- 7.42 m/s respectively, showing significant difference. The ulnar minimum normal NCVs recorded from ADM and FDI were 47.4 m/s and 45.6 m/s, respectively. If the normal values of ADM are used as the basis for recording from FDI, it could lead to false-positive diagnosis of cases suspicious of ulnar neuropathy. Therefore it is preferred to use the normal values of FDI itself while recording.
BackgroundRecently, there is an increasing interest in examining sports injuries among participants of recreational sports. However little data is available about injury rate in Futsal as a popular recreation Worldwide.1–4
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyseanalyze the incidence and characteristics of injuries recorded in a large recreational centre over a 1-year period.MethodsIn a prospective design, all injuries in a total of 88 matches of recreational Futsal in 2014–2015 were recorded. A standard questionnaire on injury characteristics was filled for each injured player. Injury rate was calculated as the total number of injuries divided by total player-time (/hour-player).The average time of each match was 90 minutes in duration. Continuous variables were presented in mean (SD) and countable ones were summarised as numbers (percentage).ResultsA total of 14 injuries (in 13 individuals) were reported in 1185 player records during 88 matches. The injury rate was estimated 1 in 12500 hour-player. Mean and SD of the age and BMI of injured players were 30.38 (9.1) and 25.09 (4.3) respectively. In total of 13 players, 5 (38.5%) were left leg dominant. On site of injury, 4 (28.6%) of injuries were in upper extremity, 9 (64.3%) in lower extremity and 1 (7.1%) in chest wall.About the type of injury, 5 (35.7%) were abrasion or contusion and the rest were more serious injuries including dislocation, fracture, ligament tearing, sprains and strain.Further analysis showed that 10 (71.4%) did not have a history of previous injury at the same site. To address the mechanisms of injury, 12 (85.7%) of injuries were traumatic while the others were overuse injuries; also 7 (53.8%) were due to player-player and 3 (23.1%) were due to player-ground contact. Finally overall missed playing days due to injury was 16 (17.02) days among injured participants.ConclusionFindings showed that injuries were not uncommon among Futsal recreational sport participants. Expectedly the lower extremity was the most likely site of injury followed by upper extremity and trunk. Unfortunately these injuries may be usually grave in nature. Furthermore, most of recreational sport injuries were related to traumatic contacts with opponent players. Finally our data indicated that recreational sport injuries could lead to missing opportunities for participation in recreational activities.AcknowledgmentThis study was funded and supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences & health Services grant [Grant No. 88-03-53-9298].ReferencesFinch C, Cassell E. The public health impact of injury during sport and active recreation. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2006;9:490–497.Grimmer KA, Jones D, Williams J. Prevalence of adolescent injury from recreational exercise: an Australian perspective. Journal of adolescent health 2000;27:266–272.Mummery W, Schofield G, Spence J. The epidemiology of medically attended sport and recreational injuries in Queensland. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2002;5:307–320.Mummery WK, Spence JC, Vincenten JA...
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