Prevalence and correlates of low physical activity in the Iranian population: National survey on non‐communicable diseases in 2011

Sahebkar, Mohammad; Miri, Hamid Heidarian; Noormohammadpour, Pardis; Akrami, Rahim; Tavana, Bahareh; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Stamatakis, Emmanuel

doi:10.1111/sms.13082

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Low adherence to PA is a result of sedentary lifestyle, which increased the risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases [40]. In the current study, low adherence to PA was observed in 21.2% (105 patients), but in previous studies in the normal and diabetic population the corresponding value was 40% (in the total Iranian population) and 45% (in the diabetic population), respectively [41]. One possible explanation for this could be the growing awareness of patients with diabetes that has contributed to reducing the frequency of sedentary lifestyle in the last decade.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Adherence to Medication, Diet and Physical Activity and the Associated Factors Amongst Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2020

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Introduction: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has increased considerably while the outcome of diabetic management is suboptimal. In order to promote diabetic management, associated factors for adherence to medications, diet, and physical activity (PA) need to be more clearly identified amongst patients with T2D. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 men and 294 women amongst patients with diabetes who were registered in ten special diabetic clinics in Shiraz, Iran from November 2018 to April 2019. Levels of adherence to medication, Mediterranean diet (MD), and physical activity were measured with validated and appropriate questionnaires. Results: Mean age (± SD) was 56.92 ± 0.52 years and 294 (58.8%) were female. Data showed that reduced adherence to medication, MD, and PA increased glycated hemoblobin (HbA1c). Adherence to medication among low, moderate, and high levels was 27.2%, 59.2%, and 13.6%, respectively. Associated factors such as 50-64 years of age, at least 65 years of age, overweight, obese, divorced widow, smoker, and exsmoker had a significant influence on adherence to medication, P = 0.017, P = 0.018, P = 0.008. P = 0.045, P = 0.026, P\0.004, and P = 0.001, respectively. In addition, adherence to MD among low, moderate, and high levels was 5.4%, 77.2%, and 17.4%, respectively. Associated factors such as 50-64 years of age, at least 65 years of age, overweight, obese, and smoker had a significant influence on adherence to MD, P = 0.011, P = 0.046, P = 0.002, P\0.001, and P = 0.032, respectively. Furthermore, adherence to PA among low, moderate, and high levels was 21%, 68.6%, and 10.4%, respectively. Only the non-smoker factor played a significant role in PA adherence, P = 0.010. Conclusion: Levels of adherence to medications, diet, and PA amongst patients with T2D are not within the acceptable range. Recognized associated factors that contribute to adherence might improve diabetes management and allow one to tailor the appropriate message to improve glycemic indices.Enhanced Digital Features To view enhanced digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.11358593. A. Mirahmadizadeh Key Summary PointsWhy carry out this study?In order to promote diabetic management, the associated factors for adherence to medications, diet, and physical activity (PA) need to be more clearly identified amongst patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Although the levels of adherence to medication, diet, and physical activity have been evaluated separately in other studies in patients with T2D, few studies have simultaneously evaluated the adherence to these factors.What was learned from the study?Reduced adherence to medication, Mediterranean diet (MD), and PA increased HbA1c.Adherence to medication among low, moderate, and high levels was 27.2%, 59.2%, and 13.6%, respectively. Associated factors such as 50-64 years of age, at least 65 years of age, overweight, obese, divorced widow, smoker, and exsmoker had a significant influence on adherence to medication...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Adherence to Medication, Diet and Physical Activity and the Associated Factors Amongst Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2020

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“…Approximately 25.3% of the participants in this study reported adding salt to their food. The results of a national report showed that 41.2% of the Iranian population consumes salt at least twice the recommended amount (26). The prevalence of smoking was 12.7% (22.7% in men and 2.7% in women) in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…A national survey in 2011 estimated the prevalence of inadequate physical activity as 44.8% in the Iranian population. Iranian women were three times more likely to have a sedentary lifestyle than men (26). A population-based study conducted that only 37.9% of the Iranian elderly population consumed adequate fruit and vegetables (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only had 30.4% of the participants no CVD risk factor while 17.1% had two risk factors and 9.6% had three or more risk factors. In a study among Indian adults aged above 40 years using the WHO chart for CVD risk assessment, 83% of the participants were categorized into the low-risk group while 6.8% and 10.2% were categorized into the moderate and high-risk groups, respectively (26). Another study estimated that 14.5% of the > 40-yearold population had more than 10% risk of CVD (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating the Frequency of Risk Factors and the 10-Year Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-aged Population in Kerman, Iran

2019

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Background:Estimating the future risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and conducting primary prevention interventions in the high-risk groups are effective strategies. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of CVD risk factors and the results of CVD risk assessment in Kerman in 2017. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 middle-aged participants referring to health care centers using the multistage random sampling method. The risk prediction chart developed by the WHO and International Society of Hypertension was used for risk assessment. We used middle-aged population surveillance forms to extract the risk factors of CVDs. The prevalence of different risk factors was reported. Besides, we reported the CVD risk classifications and the prevalence of some risk factors. Results: The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia were 20.9%, 9.6%, and 8.6%, respectively. Moreover, 64.1% of the participants were overweight or obese. Abnormal waist circumference was observed in 57.5% of the participants. The prevalence of smoking was 12.9%. The prevalence rates of a sedentary lifestyle, inadequate fruit consumption, inadequate vegetable consumption, saturated fat consumption, and high-salt food consumption were 47.7%, 28.3%, 40.7%, 23.1%, and 25.3%, respectively. The prevalence rates of low, moderate, and high or very high risks of CVD were 90.3%, 5.3%, and 4.4%, respectively. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of CVD risk factors in the middle-aged population. Policymakers should design effective interventions for modifying the main risk factors. Risk management is the main step to conduct strategies targeting high-risk groups.It is estimated that more than 80% of CVDs, DM (type 2), and stroke cases are preventable using risk factor modification strategies (10). A reduction in TC, smoking, and systolic blood pressure prevalence can decline the CVDs mor-Copyright © 2019, Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited. Risk Factors Men, No. (%) Women, No. (%) Total, No. (%) 40 -50 (N = 183) 50 -60 (N = 42) 40 -60 (N = 225) 40 -50 (N = 173) 50 -60 (N = 52) 40 -60 (N = 225) 40 -50 (N = 356) 50 -60 (N = 94) 40 -60 (N = 450)

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“…These differences may be due to different measurement tools. The apparent relationship between lower physical activity in women and lower SES aligns with results similar to other, similar studies [28,33,34]. Cultural constraints and the lack of adequate indoor and outdoor sports facilities space can also affect people's physical activity.…”

Section: Physical Inactivitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in Yazd inner-city municipalities

et al. 2020

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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. With effective intervention and control of cardiovascular risk factors, mortality rates may be reduced. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors across five municipalities in Yazd city.Methods: Ten thousand residents of the Yazd greater area aged 20-69 years were selected using cluster random sampling method. Overall, 200 clusters were randomly selected based on the postcodes of residents who lived in the five municipalities of Yazd. Those who lived in Yazd annexed cities and rural areas were excluded. A valid questionnaire was completed and physical examination performed as done (94.9% response rate). Instances of selfreported diabetes mellitus, high blood cholesterol, tobacco smoking, and unhealthy diet were recorded. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured and physical activity was classified by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in variables across municipalities. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS V. 16. Results:We analyzed 8749 participants' data from Yazd city. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were 14.1, 16.7 and 18.6%, respectively. One in every four people consumed the recommended five servings of vegetables per day. Fish consumption was less than 5% at least once a week among participants. An unhealthy diet (85.7%); low physical activity (52.2%), hypertension (36.7%) and obesity (26.3%) were the most common cardiovascular risk factors. Only 2.1% of adults had no risk factors for CVD, and almost 75% of people had more than one risk factor. The prevalence of risk factors (excluding hypertension) was significantly different across the municipalities. Residents of region three had the highest prevalence of all risk factors aside from inactivity and unhealthy diet.Conclusion: unhealthy dietary habits and inactivity are the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD in Yazd. Spatial variations of cardiovascular risk factors observed. This geographic health inequality requires more attention from policymakers to control CVD risk factors across different municipalities accordingly. Promoting healthy lifestyle is the top priority of health intervention programs. It is recommended to increase access to sport arenas and restrict access to tobacconist in high-risk areas.

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Prevalence and correlates of low physical activity in the Iranian population: National survey on non‐communicable diseases in 2011

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Adherence to Medication, Diet and Physical Activity and the Associated Factors Amongst Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Adherence to Medication, Diet and Physical Activity and the Associated Factors Amongst Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Estimating the Frequency of Risk Factors and the 10-Year Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-aged Population in Kerman, Iran

Prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in Yazd inner-city municipalities

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