Background The current literature shows that one of the alternative therapies used to control constipation is reflexology. This study was conducted to assess the effect of reflexology on the constipation status of elderly people. Methods This study was randomized clinical trial conducted from at the private nursing home in the Ankara Province. At the nursing home, 60 eligible elderly people were randomly assigned into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The experimental group received foot reflexology massage for 1 month three times per week for 30 min. Ref lexology was initiated from the patient's right foot. The foot was relaxed primarily by applying effleurage followed by shaking, rotation, and stretching methods. The practice ended by applying solar plexus pressure on both feet. For elderly people in the control group foot surface massage without pressure was applied to simulate the interventions similar to the experimental group. The scale scores before and after reflexology were noted for the experimental group, and those for the control group, which did not receive any reflexology massage, were also determined Results After the implementation of reflexology, the rate of emptying bowels on alternate days increased in the experimental group as opposed to that in the control group (P < 0.001). In this study, reflexology was found to improve the quality of life of the elderly and decrease the severity of constipation. Conclusion Foot reflexology massage was found to be effective in relieving the constipation of elderly people. Therefore, ref lexology is recommended as part of nursing care to reduce the constipation status of elderly people.

This study aimed to explore metaphoric perceptions of patients with COVID-19 including treatment process, family relationships, and mental health via using metaphors. Purposive sampling was used to include participants. Totally 46 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study. The metaphor-based data collection process was carried out with three open-ended questions. The metaphors compiled according to questions and grouped by 13 themes according to analysis. Patients explained to COVID-19 process by using 91 different metaphors. Most frequently used metaphors by patients; black hole/dark for the treatment process of COVID-19, steel for family relationships, sea metaphor for mental health. This study, it was determined that individuals are afraid of death, have a serious perception of uncertainty, and their family relationships and this process negatively affected their family relationships and mental states. Nurses have important responsibilities to increase the quality of patient care.

I In nv ve es st ti ig ga at ti io on n o of f H He ea al lt th h L Li it te er ra ac cy y o of f R Re ea ad di in ng g S St tu ud de en nt ts s i in n S So oc ci ia al l a an nd d H He ea al lt th h S Sc ci ie en nc ce es s o of f a a U Un ni iv ve er rs si it ty y

Pressure injury is a healthcare problem frequently encountered in nursing homes. This study evaluated the effects of the care delivered under the guidance of a protocol for pressure injury prevention at a nursing home. It was implemented in four phases. In the pre-protocol period, the pressure injury incidence and nurses' care practices were evaluated. In the second phase, nurses were trained to use the protocol. In the third phase, the nurses provided care under the guidance of the protocol (post-protocol period). In the fourth phase, the incidence of pressure injury and nurses' care practices were compared between the pre- and post-protocol periods. The average age of the older residents was 78.40±7.12 years, and all were at high or very high risk of pressure injury according to the Braden scale scores. Some 30% were bed bound; 90% had faecal and urinary incontinence; and 70% had malnutrition. The results showed that the pressure injury incidence reduced from 17.39% in the pre-protocol period to 10.87% in the post-protocol period, while the nurses' care practices improved in the post-protocol period. Thus, use of pressure injury-prevention protocols can reduce the incidence of these injuries in vulnerable care home residents.

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Objective: Research on simulation-based experience focuses primarily on the student's level of knowledge, skills, self-confidence, and satisfaction. There is only one scale in Turkish that can be used to measure satisfaction with the simulation experience. The aim of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale (SSES). Methods: The study sample consisted of 130 nursing students from two universities. Data were collected using a student information form, the Turkish version of the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale (SSES-TR) and the Scale of Student Satisfaction and Confidence in Learning (SSSCL). The original SSES was translated into Turkish. Thirteen academics, who were experts in nursing and simulation, were consulted for content validity. Expert feedback was collected in a form to determine the content validity ratio using Lawshe's technique. The Turkish adaptation of the SSES was performed by four linguists to ensure linguistic validity. The correlation between the SSES-TR and SSSCL was determined using concurrent validity and Pearson’s Correlation. Internal consistency tests were used to test reliability. The SSES-TR was administered to 35 students as a test-retest with an interval of two weeks to determine its consistency across time. Results: The SSES-TR had a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of 0.928. The correlation between SSES-TR items and total and subscale scores ranged from 0.492 to 0.749. Test-retest reliability coefficients showed that the SSES-TR total score and subscale scores were compatible. Conclusion: The SSES-TR is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to assess nursing students’ satisfaction with simulation-based experience.

Background: Injuries in all shapes are accounting for more than five million deaths worldwide. Road traffic accidents injuries are the main threat to people and national health systems. Annually, road traffic injuries are resulting in the deaths of more than five million people globally. The Primary Trauma Care Foundation was organized to run the workshop for front-line staff in such countries to attempt and decrease the human and economic consequence of the injury. Methods: A one group pre-test and post-test experimental research design was used. Subjects were invited to complete a multiple-choice question. The overall number of subjects who were taking the primary trauma care course during the period (from Jun 2014 to Oct 2017) was 586 subjects. Results: More than two-thirds of subjects were men and doctors included specialties, physicians and medical students. (90.8%) of participants were carried bachelor's degree. (22.2%) were staff nurses and nurse's students, (1.9%) were midwives. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test shows a statistically significant difference between pre and post course score of PTC knowledge (p<0.001). 567 (96.75%) of the participants were shown an improvement after a PTC course. Conclusion: PTC course in Palestine is a valuable and informative course to increase and improve knowledge toward physicians, staff nurses, and midwives.