It has been argued recently that one major difficulty facing the A-theory of time consists in the view’s failure to provide a satisfactory account of the passage of time. Critics have objected that this particular charge is premised on an unduly strong conception of temporal passage, and that the argument does not go through on alternative, less demanding conceptions of passage. The resulting dialectical stalemate threatens to prove intractable, given the notorious elusiveness of the notion of temporal passage. Here I argue that there is progress to be made in this regard. The argument from passage takes issue with a certain feature of the standard versions of the A-theory that is in fact problematic independently of worries about temporal passage. To illustrate this, I present a new argument, the argument from comprehensiveness, which demonstrates that the standard A-theoretic account of temporal reality is inadequate, even if it is granted that it can accommodate passage.
According to Fine's (Modality and tense: philosophical papers. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 261-320, 2005) famous take on the infamous McTaggartian paradox, realism about tensed facts is incompatible with the joint acceptence of three very general and seemingly plausible theses about reality. However, Correia and Rosenkranz (As time goes by: eternal facts in an ageing universe. Mentis, Paderborn, 2011) have recently objected that Fine's argument depends on a crucial assumption about the nature of tensed facts; once that assumption is given up, they claim, realists can endorse the theses in question without further ado. They also argue that their novel version of tense realism, called dynamic absolutism, is to be preferred over its rivals. I argue in this paper that dynamic absolutism does not constitute a genuine alternative for realists about tense.
Evaluativism about desire, the view that desires just are, or necessarily involve, positive evaluations of their objects, currently enjoys widespread popularity in many philosophical circles. This essay argues that evaluativism, in both its doxastic and its perceptual versions, overstates and mischaracterizes the connection between desires and evaluations. Whereas doxastic evaluativism implausibly rules out cases where someone has a desire, despite evaluating its object negatively, being uncertain about its value, or having no doxastic attitude whatsoever toward its evaluative status at all, perceptual evaluativism cannot even properly apply to the large class of standing desires. It is also argued that evaluativism about desire is not even well-motivated in the first place: the theory is supposed to solve a particular puzzle about the role desires play in the explanation of action, yet in fact it does not offer any help whatsoever in dealing with the relevant puzzle.
Bu çalışmada şizofreni hastalarının bakım vericileriyle olan bağlanma örüntülerinin ve bakım verici duygu ifadesinin hastaların oksidatif stres düzeyleri ile ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya, Marmara Üniversitesi Hastanesi Psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran 20 şizofreni hastası ve annesi ile 21 sağlıklı kontrol ve annesi alınmıştır. Hastalara, Yetişkin Bağlanma Ölçeği (YBÖ), Pozitif ve Negatif Sendrom Ölçeği (PNSÖ), Calgary Şizofrenide Depresyon Ölçeği (CŞDÖ); bakım vericilerine Duygu İfadesi Ölçeği (DİÖ), YBÖ ve Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE) uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna YBÖ ve BDE; bakım vericilerine DİÖ ve YBÖ uygulanmıştır. Oksidatif stres parametreleri hastalardan ve kontrol grubundan alınan kan ve idrar örnekleri ile incelenmiştir. BULGULAR: Bulgular şizofreni hastalarının oksidatif stres ile ilgili parametrelerden yükseltgenmiş glutatyon (GSSG) (0.23±0.15 vs 0.13±0.10, p=0.02), plazma lipid peroksidasyonu (25.80 (516.00) vs 16.43 (345.00), p=0.01) ve idrar malondialdehid (MDA) (1.52±1.48 vs 0.63±0.35, p=0.01) düzeylerinin kontrollere göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Şizofreni hastalarının bakım vericilerin kontrol grubu bakım vericilerine göre daha düşük duygu ifadesi düzeyleri (20.0±4.29 vs 23.19±4.70, p=0.03) olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırma grubunda oksidatif stres göstergeleri ile bakım vericilerin duygu ifadesi düzeyi ve bağlanma stilleri arasında istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyinde ilişki bulunmamıştır. SONUÇ: Şizofrenide oksidatif stres parametreleri ile bakım verici bağlanma ve duygu ifadesi ilişkileri ileriki çalışmalarla daha fazla sayıda katılımcı ile desteklendiği takdirde gelecekteki psikoterapotik ve psikofarmakolojik tedaviler için güçlü bir yönlendirme olacaktır.
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