The family provides a healthy context for growth and reform. The function of the family is to support the character formation of its members while creating among them the sense of belonging. There have always been several views about the family with healthy and unhealthy functions. What is present in all these views is that a healthy family is a family in which the spouses are in a healthy and effective relationship. However, most of the couples who attend counseling centers state that their main problems are relationship problems and conflicts. So, there have been always necessary to have a tool for measuring the concept of conflict and its dimensions in every cultural context. To meet this need, the questionnaire of marital conflict has been provided which primary from involves 42 questions in 7 subscales; which, in the present research, it has been tried, to evaluate another one of the main dimensions of marital conflict, decreased effective contact, by adding 12 questions to the primary questionnaire. Then, on its confirmatory factor analysis, the present questionnaire was filled out by 270 participants. The results are indicative of optimal psychometric properties (α=0.96), and accepted clinical and scholarly applications.
The world is changing very fast toward cultural pluralism. It is predicted that most of the societies will be more diverse in 21st century. Cultural differences denied for centuries in therapeutic interventions are no more acceptable. Multicultural counseling and therapy are in fact a strong trend in response to this urgent need. That is the reason for multiculturalism to be considered the fourth force in psychology. All counseling and therapy issues and interventions are somewhat cross-cultural. How a client views the world is important insofar as it contrasts with the counselor's. Many Eastern and Western cultures are considered different according to different perspectives. Family as a powerful social institution is the matrix of cultural identity of its members. In recent years, culture turned to occupy a key position in family therapy. Couples have learned to identify with cultural values and biases of their own families throughout their childhood. Family counselors and therapists as well as all their counterparts need to develop activities and intervention techniques to counteract these biases. Development of multiculturalism transformed how many therapists think and work with families. This article deals with cultural issues and dementions of counseling and therapy East and West, with more emphasis on couples and families.
Addiction can cause many problems for the addict and family, so that the addict's family suffers from more problems. Addicts' wife suffer more psychological and marital problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness training on reducing couple burnout of addict's wife. The study was quasiexperimental that used the pretest-posttest whit control group. The population of this study was consisted the addicts' wife referring to the addiction treatment centers of Rasht city, Iran. 20 persons were assigned into experimental and control groups by using random sampling method (n=10). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of mindfulness training and control group received no intervention. The data collected through Pines' Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). The results showed that there was significant differences between the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group so mindfulness training could significantly reduce the couple burnout out of addict's wife. Thus, interventions based on this approach lead to decrease the marital problems of these women.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of human givens and Adlerian Therapy on happiness and psychological well-being of students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Method: Accordingly, 6 students were selected in a targeted sampling method. For counseling interventions, 3 couples were assigned to each experimental group (Adlerian Therapy and human givens). Subjects were consulted for 5 sessions in both experimental groups. In this research, an experimental case study was used. Adlerian Therapy and human givens were performed in the baseline, intervention and follow-up stages and the subjects responded to the RSPWB Scale and the OHI Questionnaire. Findings: The data were analyzed by Visual Drawing, RCI Index and Improvement Percentage Formula. The results showed that human givens and Adlerian Therapy have been successful in improving and changing the psychological life style as well as increasing the happiness of the couples. Conclusion: The analysis showed that the human givens therapy and Adlerian Therapy could improve the psychological well-being up to 37.17 and 40.43, respectively. Furthermore, the human givens therapy and Adlerian Therapy could the increase the level of happiness up to 48.94 and 51.96, respectively. This effect was significant. However, the therapies did not show any significant change. The findings of the human givens therapy in both variables had less clinical efficiency and improvement rate, compared with the effectiveness of Adlerian Therapy.
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