The extraction of Bi(III) in nitrate media has been investigated using aminododecyldimethylenediphosphonic acid, ADDMDPA, which was previously synthesized and characterized. The extraction of the cation was carried out in different media with the addition of CH 3 COONa, KNO 3 and HNO 3 . The maximum extraction yield for Bismuth is 70% after addition of 0.01 M of potassium nitrate at pHi = 2.9, in one step.

Using the first-principle calculations of density functional theory within the (FP-LAPW) method, we have investigated the structural, electronic and optical properties of Bi 2 Te 3-x Se x alloys with compositions x = 0, 1, 2 and 3 of Se. The generalized gradient approximation functional of Wu and Cohen (GGA-PBE) is used to calculate ground state structural parameters of Bi 2 Te 3-x Se x , which are in good agreement with theoretical and experimental data. The electronic band structures and optical constants have been improved with Tran-Blaha modified Becker-Johnson (TB-mBJ) parameterization scheme. Also, we have analyzed in detail the performance of dielectric function, refractive index, reflectivity and optical conductivity of these alloys. Our results show that Bi 2 Te 3-x Se x alloys are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications especially in the Infrared and visible fields. Bi 2 Te 3-x Se x materials have a direct band gap and can be tuned from 0.1706 eV to 0.7819 eV by varying In composition so emission was tunable from 1.58 to 7.26 micrometers (infrared field), in addition for their direct band gap and in view of their attractive optical properties such conductivity, absorption and reflectivity these materials is considered as promising materials for optoelectronic applications.

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In this work, a novel room temperature ionic liquid (2-butyl-imidazolium di- (2-ethylhexyl) [HgClOH] org species were formed where (H 2 R 2 ) was D2EHPA. In the case of ionic strength, the results showed that the addition of sodium acetate at 0.302 mmol·L −1 to the aqueous phase strongly increased the mercury extraction yield (R = 100%). The extracted species were investigated by a calculation program using CHEAQS V. L20.1 in order to determine the relation between the percentages of the extracted species and the extraction yield. The results showed that the extracted species in the best conditions were HgCl 2 and HgClOH with respective percentages 80.66% and 18.29%.

In the present paper, extraction procedure for copper (II) present in an aqueous sulphate media using a supported liquid membrane by chloride tri-N-octylmethylammonium (Aliquat 336) and Tri-n-butylphosphate from molar ratio 1:1, with polytetrafluoroethylene as a membrane support was studied. The effects of various parameters such as initial pH, potassium thiocyanate concentration and ammonium acetate concentration on the extraction yield, were carried out. By a calculation programme using Chemical Equilibrium in Aquatic System V. L20.1, the determination of the percentages of the present species before and after extraction were given in aqueous medium and on the membrane to be able to determine the relation between the nature of the extracted species and the extraction yield. The optimization process was carried out using 2 3 factorial designs. Initial pH (pH i ) of feed solution, the concentration of potassium thiocyanate and the concentration of ammonium acetate were regarded as factors in the optimization. Student's t-test on the results of the 2 3 factorial design with eight runs for copper (II) extraction demonstrated that the factor concentration of potassium thiocyanate in the levels studied are statistically significant. Under the optimum conditions the percentage of extracted copper (II) was 93.6% in one step.