Honey production in Algeria has very long traditions dating back to ancient times. The purpose of the present work was to study the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of Raw Honey of different botanical sources from Algeria. The study of the physicochemical parameters such as free acidity, pH, moisture, electrical conductivity, Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) content, diastase activity, invertase activity, fructose, glucose and disaccharide content were also identified and fructose/glucose ratio was calculated. Different types of honey were assessed for their contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids. The antioxidant capacity of honey was evaluated by Ferric-Reducing/Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) and Free Radical-Scavenging Activity (DPPH). Mean values obtained for physicochemical parameters were: pH 4.17 ± 0.2; 16.77 ± 0.2% moisture; 0.64 ± 0.01 mS/cm electrical conductivity; 17.22 ± 1.05 meq/kg free acidity; 8.46 ± 1.9 unit /kg honey invertase activity 17.44 ± 2.8 Gothe scale diastase activity and 11.65 ± 1.9 mg/kg HMF. The glucose and fructose contents of honey samples are ranged from 21.45 to 28.26 g/100 g and 25.20 to 37.64 g/100 g respectively. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of four raw honey samples from different origins were found to range from 70.95 to 128.87 mg GAE/100 g and 8.57-21.77 mg QE/100 g respectively. The radical-scavenging activity of 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was found to range from 22.70% to 29.76% and the total antioxidant activity as measured by the Ferric-Reducing/ Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay was found to range between 223.19-958.42 μM Fe(II)/kg, indicating that raw honey has good antioxidant properties. No significant correlation was found between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. In general, the raw honeys from Algeria had a good level of quality according to the results obtained for international regulation.
The objective of this research work was to evaluate the effect of heat processing on antibacterial capacity of Sahara honey (SH). Various thermal treatments were carried out at 25°C, 50°C, 75°C and 100°C for 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min, and the parameters were determined: colour intensity, phenolic contents and antibacterial activity of two species of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The total phenolic contents in honey samples varied from 0.55 and 1.54 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) in gram of honey. MIC values respectively 3.12 to 12.5 mg/ml and zone of growth inhibition respectively 2.65 mm to 19 mm. Exposures of SH at 75°C and 100°C, no inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth was detected. Statistical analysis demonstrated positive correlations between color intensity and polyphenol contents and negative correlations with antibacterial capacity. Data from present results revealed that unheated and heat-treated Sahara honey showed growth inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with variable degrees.
The aim of this study was to determine the anti-Candia albicans activity of 6 varieties of honey and their combination with Curcuma starch in correlation with diastase number (α-amylase) andphenolic compounds. The quality parameters (principally, diastase number and hydroxymethyl furfural levels (HMF) of honey were investigated. The total flavonoids contents by the aluminum chloride method. An agar incorporation technique was used to assess the Minimum inhibition concentration (MICs) and Minimum additive inhibitory concentration (MAICs) of honey against C. albicans ATCC10231. Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) content shows values between 3.8 and 78.4 mg kg -1 (Mean = 23.15); diastase values were between 7.3 and 26 (Mean = 16.55). The mean total flavonoid content was found to be 8.11 mg CE/kg, with a minimum of 5. 41 mg CE/ kg, and a maximum of 9.94 mg. The MICs for the six samples of honey without starch against C. albicans ranged between 40 % and 50 % (vol/vol). When starch was incubated with honey and then added to media, a MICs drop was noticed with each sample. MAICs of the six samples ranged between 32 % honey (vol/vol) with 1 % starch and 40 % honey (vol/vol) with 4 % starch. No significant correlation was established between MICs drop, diastase number and total flavonoid content. The use of curcuma starch allows honey benefit and would constitute an additive effect to the antifungal activity of honey.
Antifungal of bee products have been shown to be protective against microbial biofilms invasion Sahara honey and propolis were applied as an antimicrobial in treatment for many infections in Algeria. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was utilized to characterize the chemical structures and functional groups. In addition, in this study, we determined the anti-candida activity of honey used alone or in combination with propolis. Proteins, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, free amino acids, cellulose and lipids, ketones and phenol compounds were identified by FTIR analysis. Combination of Sahara honey and propolis increased antifungal efficacy, compared to compounds tested alone. Propolis increased the anti-candidal effect of Sahara honey. In addition, the treatment of Sahara honey and Propolis-Sahara honey catheters with a Candida albicans biofilms reduced biofilm formation after 24 and 48-h exposure period. The results provide evidence that honey/propolis combination may help in designing a more potent novel, natural antibiofilm blend at sufficiently low concentrations in medical domain.
Granulosa theca cell tumors (GTCTs) are the most common neoplasia of the equine ovary, comprising about 2.5% of all equine neoplasms. Historical facts include reports of failure to cycle, unusual sexual behavior (nymphomania or stallion like), or a change in sexual behavior. The present study reports a case of a 10-year-old crossbreed mare with GTCT presenting nymphomania behavior (continuous estrus) and no pregnancy. This tumor was diagnosed by clinical history, rectal palpation and ultrasonography before surgical removal. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis by showing irregular aggregates of neoplastic granulosa resembling cells. Serological levels of testosterone and inhibin were note evaluated. The mare recovered and by one month and 15 days was evacuated out with other horses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Granulosa theca cell tumors in a mare in Algeria. The only form of treatment is surgical removal of the affected ovary that will eliminate the behavioral changes and allow recrudescence of cyclicity of the remaining ovary.
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