Tam Ky - Phuoc Son area has great potential for gold mineral with 98 gold occurrences, but the evaluation of the entire gold-mineralization potential of the area is still very limited, while this is considered as a basis for planning, exploration, and mining. The paper uses an Artificial Intelligence model which has a name Random Forest to build predictive modeling of mineral perspectivity and to map the gold mineral prospect of the study area. 12 influencing factors are selected to build the dataset for model training and mapping gold minerals prospect, including Geology, fault systems (NE-SW faults, NW-SE faults, sub meridian faults, sub-latitude faults), Bouguer geophysical anomaly, a geochemical anomaly of silver (Ag), gold ( Au), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and distance to the geologic boundary of complexes related to gold mineralization. The data which are generated from these factors are 12 fuzzy maps. This data combines with 98 occurrences’ locations to create a dataset that is used to train a model of mineral perspectivity using the Random Forest algorithm. After training the model is evaluated by validation. The results of the Random Forest predictive modeling of mineral prospects are well trained with an accuracy of 95.99% on the training set and 83.05 on the validation set, the performance of the model is excellent on both datasets with AUC of 0.993 and 0.95, respectively. Finally, a mineral perspectivity map is built using the trained model. The study area is divided into 3 types of areas: high, medium, and low prospects. The area of high prospect is 982.8 km2, covering 71% of the gold occurrences.
Thach Khoan, Phu Tho area is the area with great potential for weathered kaolinite source from pegmatites of the Tan Phuong complex. This kaolin has quite good quality and is used in many traditional applications such as high quality ceramic glaze, high-grade bricks. However, the use of this material in the treatment of water pollution is still limited. In this study, the natural kaolin material from Thach Khoan area, Phu Tho province with about 87% amount of tubular halloysites was used to remove Cd2+ ion from water. The factors of pH, contact time, the adsorbent weight, and initial concentration of Cd2+ were studied to access their effects on the Cd2+ ion adsorption process using this raw material. The results indicated that under the conditions of pH0 of 6.5 and at room temperature (25 oC), with 0.8 g of halloysite powder and Cd2+ initial concentration of 30 mg/L, the adsorption of Cd2+ could reach equilibrium after 50 minutes with an efficiency of 86.31%. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 2.75 mg/g and follows the second-order pseudo-adsorption kinetic equation. The results show that the natural halloysite material without treatment has the potential in using to remove heavy metal ions in polluted water and needs to be studied further.
Earthquake is currently one of the biggest concerns in Vietnam, especially, when a number of earthquakes recorded by seismometers in recent years imply the danger of earthquake in the country. In Vietnam, the recorded earthquakes were pinpointed as the consequence of stratigraphic movements along active fault zones. Identifying of the activities of fault is mainly based on tectonics, geomorphology and observation techniques utilizing geophysical methods with data on seismic waves of earthquakes. However, determining the active fault intervals is generally a difficult task which is of the interest of many domestic and worldwide scientists. One of the methods of identifying the active intervals of faults that has been applied in many countries is studying authigenetic clay mineral forming in fault planes and cataclasites due to fault activities. The movement of fault surface will create fault gouges formed at low temperature, the typical of which is illite mineral. In order to date active phases of faults, K-Ar dating of illite mineral is now proved to be an effective method. Based on the successful studies on modern fault activities using the method of K-Ar dating of authigeneticillite, and with the goal of having a general view on the activities of Red Rive Fault, Vietnam and more information on earthquakes caused by this fault, the authors have conducted a study on characteristics of the authigenetic clay minerals formed by fault activities, accordingly identifying their formation periods using K-Ar dating method. Based on the recorded ages, we hope to be able to explain the active fault intervals and its relationship with earthquake activity in the surround areas. In this paper, we are presenting the initial results about characteristics of clay minerals in gouges of the Red River fault zone, Vietnam. Several gouges amples were collected from the Red River fault zone. Then, they were separated into four grain-size fractions (<0.1, 0.1 - 0.4, 0.4 - 1.0, and 1-2µm) using standard gravitational settling and high-speed centrifuging techniques based on a preliminary analysis. The samples after separating were characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results indicated that authigenetic clay minerals forming in fault planes due to fault activities such as illite, illite/smectite is in samples with significant amounts. These are important results in defining modern active time of Red River fault zone using method of K-Ar dating for authigenetic clay minerals.
Studying sediment provenance in the marine environment particularly plays an important role in interpretation of paleoclimate, lithology of the source regions as well as tectonism controlling weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition processes (source-to-sink analysis). However, defining sediment sources and controlling elements require quantitative data and micro-analysis as they are influenced significantly by many factors such as lithology, tectonics, and climate condition in the source regions as well as sea-level changes, oceanic circulation, and their differential setting in the sea. A number of methods are employed to elucidate sediment provenance, but not all of them are useful in the East Sea. In this study, clay mineralogy and Sr-Nd isotope of sediment cores and surrounding river sediments in this region from previous studies are reused to evaluate their effectiveness in determining sediment provenance. In comparison between sediment cores and river sediments indicates that clay mineral assemblages and Sr-Nd isotopic composition of river sediments frequently contain feature information of the source regions that are preserved in marine sediments well, implying they contain valuable information of sediment provenance. Thus, these methods have been widely utilized to identify sediment provenance in the East Sea. This study displays that sediment provenance methods based on clay mineralogy and Sr-Nd isotope are effective tools in elucidating sediment provenance in the East Sea.
Binh Thuan is an area with great potential for titanium ore in the red sand layer. In previous studies, a suitable scheme of mineral processing and types of equipment had been designed for improving the quality of titanium ore concentrate. However, the existence of manganese in Binh Thuan ilmenite has not been clarified, and therefore, an effective method of separating Mn from ilmenite has not yet been proposed. In this study, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and Raman spectroscopy method are used to determine the mineral-chemical composition of Binh Thuan ilmenite. The analytical results show that in the study area of ilmenite ore, there was a certain proportion of Mn in the Binh Thuan ilmenite ore with an average of about 3.0%. Manganese is found to exist as a partial isomorphic replacement between Mn2+ and Fe2+ ions in ilmenite mineral crystals, creating an intermediate mineral ilmenite-pyrophanite with the formula (Fex,Mn1-x)TiO3. The obtained research results contribute to the orientation in the separation process, in removing Mn effectively from Ti concentration ore.
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