In drug development, determination of its toxic profile is paramount and usually the initial step in its evaluation. Phytochemical constituent's assessment can subsequently be muricata is an evergreen shrub that is endowed with ethno source of food. The significant needs to evaluate the toxic profile of the plant lead to the design of this work. Therefore this work is desi as the index) and sub-chronic toxicity profile of the leaf extracts. serum levels of some biochemical parameters which include alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanin aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Also include the effect on the kidney function parameters such as Urea, creatinine and electrolyte (K+, Na+, Cl LD 50 of the extract indicated that the plant extract is relatively safe with no mortality recorded at dose >5000mg/kg body weight of the drug. There was no significant (P difference in the serum level of ALP ALT and AST for the liver functi significant variation recorded on the kidney function parameters. However, salient mild effect on the liver and kidney was observed from the histopathological examination, but can be effectively averted if extended use of higher concentration of the extract is avoided, as the effect is observed to be both concentration and time dependent. suggested, the possible hepato-protective and neuphro extract which should be further investigated

Establishment of prevalence of malaria-associated renal impairment in Nigeria is important for proper prognosis and management of malaria and its associated complications. Using biuret method for protein estimation, alkaline picrate-slot method for creatinine and urea estimation, and flame photometry and titrimetric method for electrolytes estimation, selected kidney function parameters which included proteinuria, serum levels of urea, creatinine and electrolytes were determined in 169 malaria patients and in 58 individuals without malaria. Data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance to compare variation among malaria patients and individuals without malaria, Duncan multiple range test to compare variation among means, and correlation matrix to evaluate correlation between the parameters measured. Proteinuria in malaria cases differed significantly (p< 0.05) from individuals without malaria, and a positive correlation existed between proteinuria and parasitaemia. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the creatinine levels of malaria patients and those without malaria. It is concluded that there is a form of renal impairment associated with malaria infection in Minna irrespective of age and sex.

This work was designed to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity ofE. pulcherrimamethanol extract. Mean lethal dose (LD50) and subchronic toxicity were determined using Lorke’s method to assess the effect of the extract on kidney and liver functions along histopathology assessment of the liver and kidney, respectively. The LD50determined was 3807.89 mg/kg both orally and intraperitoneally. The kidney function parameters indicated elevation of the serum urea above the normal value in both control and the group treated with 10 mg/kg of the extract with mean values of 7.92 ± 1.19 and 7.86 ± 1.14 mMol/L, respectively. The creatinine and electrolytes were within the normal values. The results of ALAT, ASAT, ALP, T protein albumin, and bilirubin in all cases were within the normal values. Kidney, liver function parameters, and relative organ weight were statistically insignificant across all groups. This shows that various concentrations ofE. pulcherrimaextract did not influence negatively the liver and kidney function parameters. Further studies are required to rule out the observed mild hepatic histological changes among a few members of the groups treated with 100 and 1000 mg/kg/day and any possible hepatoprotective and nephron-protective potential the extract may possess.

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