We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the solar system, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a large, wide-field ground-based system designed to obtain repeated images covering the sky visible from Cerro Pachón in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg 2 field of view, a 3.2-gigapixel camera, and six filters (ugrizy) covering the wavelength range 320-1050 nm. The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. About 90% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode that will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg 2 region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 yr of operations and will yield a co-added map to r∼27.5. These data will result in databases including about 32 trillion observations of 20 billion galaxies and a similar number of stars, and they will serve the majority of the primary science programs. The remaining 10% of the observing time will be allocated to special projects such as Very Deep and Very Fast time domain surveys, whose details are currently under discussion. We illustrate how the LSST science drivers led to these choices of system parameters, and we describe the expected data products and their characteristics.

Using the entire CLEO-c c ð3770Þ ! D " D event sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 818 pb À1 and approximately 5:4 Â 10 6 D " D events, we present a study of the decays D 0 ! À e þ e , D 0 ! K À e þ e , D þ ! 0 e þ e , and D þ ! " K 0 e þ e . Via a tagged analysis technique, in which one D is fully reconstructed in a hadronic mode, partial rates for semileptonic decays by the other D are measured in several q 2 bins. We fit these rates using several form factor parametrizations and report the results, including form factor shape parameters and the branching fractions BðD 0 ! À e þ e Þ ¼ ð0:288 AE 0:008 AE 0:003Þ%, BðD 0 ! K À e þ e Þ ¼ ð3:50 AE 0:03 AE 0:04Þ%, BðD þ ! 0 e þ e Þ ¼ ð0:405 AE 0:016 AE 0:009Þ%, and BðD þ ! "K 0 e þ e Þ ¼ ð8:83 AE 0:10 AE 0:20Þ%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Taking input from lattice quantum chromodynamics, we also find jV cd j ¼ 0:234 AE 0:007 AE 0:002 AE 0:025 and jV cs j ¼ 0:985 AE 0:009 AE 0:006 AE 0:103, where the third uncertainties are from lattice quantum chromodynamics.

Proteasomes are therapeutic targets for various cancers and autoimmune diseases. Constitutively expressed proteasomes have three active sites, β1c, β2c, and β5c. Lymphoid tissues also express the immunoproteasome subunits β1i, β2i, and β5i. Rapid and simultaneous measurement of the activity of these catalytic subunits would assist in the discovery of new inhibitors, improve analysis of proteasome inhibitors in clinical trials, and simplify analysis of subunit expression. In this work, we present a cocktail of activity-based probes that enables simultaneous gel-based detection of all six catalytic human proteasome subunits. We used this cocktail to develop specific inhibitors for β1c, β2c, β5c, and β2i, to compare the active-site specificity of clinical proteasome inhibitors, and to demonstrate that many hematologic malignancies predominantly express immunoproteasomes. Furthermore, we show that selective and complete inhibition of β5i and β1i is cytotoxic to primary cells from acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients.

The decay channel J/ψ → γπ + π − η ′ is analyzed using a sample of 5.8 × 10 7 J/ψ events collected with the BESII detector. A resonance, the X(1835), is observed in the π + π − η ′ invariant mass spectrum with a statistical significance of 7.7σ. A fit with a Breit-Wigner function yields a mass M = 1833.7 ± 6.1(stat) ± 2.7(syst) MeV/c 2 , a width Γ = 67.7 ± 20.3(stat) ± 7.7(syst) MeV/c 2 and a

Using data collected with the CLEO detector operating at the CESR e+e- collider at sqrt[s]=3.97-4.26 GeV, we investigate 15 charmonium decay modes of the psi(4040), psi(4160), and Y(4260) resonances. We confirm, at 11 sigma significance, the BABAR Y(4260)-->pi+pi- J/psi discovery, make the first observation of Y(4260)--> pi(0)pi(0) J/psi (5.1 sigma), and find the first evidence for Y(4260)-->K+K- J/psi(3.7 sigma). We measure e+e- cross sections at sqrt[s]=4.26 GeV as sigma(pi+pi- J/psi)=58(+12)(-10)+/-4 pb, sigma(pi(0)pi(0) J/psi)=23(+12)(-8)+/-1 pb, and sigma(K+K- J/psi)=9(+9)(-5)+/-1 pb, in which the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Upper limits are placed on other decay rates from all three resonances.

We have studied semileptonic B decay to the exclusive charmless states π, ρ/ω, η and η using the full 15.5 fb −1 CLEO Υ(4S) sample, with measurements performed in subregions of phase space to minimize dependence on a priori knowledge of the form factors involved. We find total branching fractions B(B 0 → π − + ν) = (1.37 ± 0.15 stat ± 0.11 sys ) × 10 −4 and B(B 0 → ρ − + ν) = (2.93 ± 0.37 stat ± 0.37 sys ) × 10 −4 . We find evidence for B + → η + ν, with B(B + → η + ν) = (2.66 ± ±0.80 stat ± 0.56 sys ) × 10 −4 and 1.20 × 10 −4 < B(B + → η + ν) < 4.46 × 10 −4 (90% CL). We also limit B(B + → η + ν) < 1.01 × 10 −4 (90% CL). By combining our B → π ν information with unquenched lattice calculations, we find |V ub | = (3.6 ± 0.4 stat ± 0.2 sys +0.6 −0.4thy ) × 10 −3 .2

Using the CLEO-c detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have measured inclusive and exclusive cross sections for the production of D + , D 0 and D + s mesons in e + e − annihilations at thirteen center-of-mass energies between 3.97 and 4.26 GeV. Exclusive cross sections are presented for final states consisting of two charm mesons

We report the first determination of the relative strong-phase difference betweenIn addition, we present updated measurements of the relative strong-phase difference betweenBoth measurements exploit the quantum coherence between a pair of D 0 and D 0 mesons produced from ψ(3770) decays.The strong-phase differences measured are important for determining the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-, in a manner independent of the model assumed to describe the D 0 → K 0 S h + h − decay. Using our results, the uncertainty in γ/φ 3 due to the error on the strong-phase difference is expected to be between 1.7 • and 3.9 • for an analysis usingand between 3.2 • and 3.9 • for an analysis based onA measurement is also presented of the CP -odd fraction, F − , of the decay D 0 → K 0 S K + K − in the region of the φ → K + K − resonance. We find that in a region within 0.01 GeV 2 /c 4 of the nominal φ mass squared F − > 0.91 at the 90% confidence level.