IntroductionThere is a significant disagreement in the literature concerning the validity of psychiatric instruments in different cultures.The objective of the study was to develop a culturally sensitive psychiatric screening instrument valid for Greeks in Greece and all over the world.MethodsForward and back translation was used for the greek version of the instrument. The sample was divided into three groups:i) general population(69,4%);ii) people in non-psychiatric treatment(12,9%);iii) people in psychiatric treatment (11,7%).They were interviewed with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), modified to include SRQ-F culturally specific items and physicians also completed an encounter form about the presence of mental health symptoms in participants.ResultsThe study sample was composed of 631 Greek speaking adults, 502 females and 129 males, aged 18—67 (M = 30, SD = 11,5). Internal consistency for the overall score was very high (α = ,930). Item total correlations were between, 443 and, 692. Factor analysis revealed four factors accounting for the 54,22 of the total score variance. The factors were anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, somatic symptoms and psychotic symptoms. Content, construct, and criterion validity of each question led to 25 items. Independent t test revealed significant differences between psychiatric patients and control group in the total score (t = -17,795 p = ,0001), psychosis subscale (t = -12,622 p = ,0001) and somatic distress subscale (t = -17,712 p = ,0001).ConclusionsThe Greek SRQ was found to be a valid instrument which can be used in primary care to help general practitioners in the early recognition of mental illness.
Introduction:Fatigue is of great clinical and investigational importance. It is a prevalent symptom in general population and a central symptom in many diseases, for example, cancer, ischaemic heart disease and depression. Besides, it's a side effect of many medical treatments. Fatigue has been shown to have a substantial impact on patients’ self care activities and, overall quality of life.Objectives:To compare levels of the various aspects of fatigue in three different populations.Aims:To see if diagnosis is a significant predictor for fatigue.Methods:We conducted a survey in a random sample of 69 patients with diabetes Mellitus (DM), 114 psychiatric outpatients (PO) and 383 healthy adults (C), using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20). ANOVA test was used to reveille the statistical significance between the groups in all levels of fatigue.Results:The control group had a significant difference to the PO and DM patients in physical fatigue (MDPO = -3.835 p < .001), (MDDM. = -2.745p< .001), in reduced activity (MD PO = -3.719 p < .001), (MDDM = -3.155 p < .001) and reduced motivation (MDPO = -3.569 p < .001), (MDDM = -2.349 p < .001). Psychiatric outpatients had a significant difference with DM patients and control in general fatigue (MDC = -4.135 p< .001), (MDDM. = -3.835 p < .001) and in mental fatigue (MDC = 4.638 p < .001), (MDDM. = 4.346 p < .001).Conclusions:Analysis shows that both psychiatric outpatients and patients with DM experience fatigue in all aspects of the measurement as expected, in a statistical significant level compared to the general population.
Introduction:Managing diabetes is an overwhelming task, particularly for the newly diagnosed patient. Many diabetics struggle to cope with the requirements of the disease and the complications that it causes. as a result, many diabetics suffer from depression which is the most common psychiatric disorder witnessed in the diabetic population.Objectives:To compare the levels the emotional states of anxiety, depression and stress in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) to the general population and chronic patients with psychological problems.Aims:To reveille the significant differences between those patients.Methods:We conducted a survey in a random sample of 279 patients with diabetes Mellitus (DM), 109 psychiatric outpatients (PO) and 383 healthy adults (C), using the Depression Anxiety Stress scale (DASSI-42). Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 16 for windows. ANOVA test was used to reveille the statistical significance between the groups in anxiety, stress, depression and total Scale.Results:Patients with DM had a significant difference to the PO patients and C in anxiety (MDPO = −12.251 p < .001), (MDC = 1.303 p < .001). They also had a significant difference from the PO in stress (MDPO = −11.465 p < .001), depression (MDPO = −15.751 p < .001), and total DASS (MDPO = −39.566 p < .001). Patients with DM had no significant difference to the control group in the above domains.Conclusions:Analysis shows that patient with DM who are under medical treatment experience anxiety in a greater level than the general population, but in terms of stress and depression they are in the same level to the general population.
IntroductionQuality of life (QoL) research has increased during last decates. Psychiatric patients spend many days for their treatment so QoL is something that should be measured for these patients too.AimsTo examine the relationship between dispositional optimism and Quality of life (QOL) among patients suffering from schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, depression, and other psychiatric conditions from a psychiatric department and to find out the existing correlations with other measures of personality characteristics.ObjectsTo reveal the underlining correlation between QoL and dispositional optimism.Methods69 inpatients in a psychiatric ward in Athens-Greece took part in the study.31 (44.9%) of them were males and 38 (55.1%) females. The questionnaires that were used are the Short Form health questionnaire (SF12), the life orientation test-revised (GrLOT-R), the subjective well being scale (SWBC) and the Satisfaction with life Scale(SWLS).ResultsBoth Physical (M = 39,9 SD = ±7,2) and Mental (M = 29,4 SD = ±7,8) composite scores are lower than in the greek general population (M = 50 SD = ±6,8). Optimism (M = 14,8 SD = ±4.9) correlates significantly with both mental (p = ,571**) and physical (p = ,438**) health, well being (p = ,427**) and with the days of hospitalization (p = .,261**). Global happiness correlates significantly only with mental health (p = ,493**) and well being (p = ,573**).ConclusionsQuality of life in mental patients seems to have a mediator and that is Optimism. Optimistic patients seems to have better health related quality of life and well being and stays more days in hospital for treatment needs.
IntroductionResearch shows that mental patients are usually the most difficult to be managed in terms of adherence to treatment. Antipsychotic drugs does reduce their symptoms, but at least half of people given these drugs do not comply with the treatment regimen prescribed.AimsTo explore the way that treatment options affects compliance in patients with mental disorders.Methods155 (61,5%) males and 97 (38,5%) females participated in the study. DASS42 and SQR29 questionnaires were administered to all patients in admission and at the end of the treatment. Good compliance to the treatment required low scores to both of them at the end of the treatment and the consent of the psychiatrist and psychotherapists who were responsible for each patient.Results172 of them had a good compliance, 32 medium and 26 did not comply at all.184 received pharmacotherapy, 21 CBT therapy and 26 combined therapy. Regression analysis indicates that better compliance to the treatment is significantly affected by CBT therapy (β = .44**), antidepressants (β = .37**), Typical antipsychotics (β = .25*) and sex (β = .24*) (*<, 05 **<, 0001). These variables accounted for 38 percent of the variance in compliance.ConclusionsIt seems that patients show better compliance to treatment when they are under psychotherapy and are receiving antidepressants and typical antipsychotics.
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