Summary. Effect of ambient temperature on the metabolic use of dietary energy and nitrogen in growing rat.Sixty-seven male rats of the Wistar CF strain were used in two trials to study the effect of ambient temperature on nitrogen and energy balances (experiment 1 ) and on the variations of certain biochemical parameters of metabolism (experiment 2). In both cases, the rats, housed individually in metal cages and fed ad libitum, were kept under three different temperatures : 21 °C (control), 3 °C (cold), 31 °C (hot).Compared to the controls, the rats at 3 °C showed a significant increase (P < 0.01) in food intake and a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in daily growth rate and feed efficiency ratio ; body fat content was unchanged. Compared to the controls, the rats at 31 °C showed a decrease (P < 0.01) in food intake and growth rate, a better feed efficiency ratio (P < 0.01) and a significant increase in carcass lipid content.When compared to rats at 21 °C, those at 3 °C had a much lower nitrogen retention ; at 31 °C this retention was only slightly lower. The urinary nitrogen excretion, increased by the cold temperature, reflected higher nitrogen catabolism, while its increase at a high temperature was probably due to a decrease in protein synthesis, and a subsequent degradation of excess ingested nitrogen. Energy retention increased (P < 0.01) as the ambient temperature increased from 3 to 31 °C, and wide variations in the amounts of fixed energy in the form of proteins or lipids were observed.The balance results obtained have been discussed in relation to the variations of some biochemical parameters of metabolism such as free fatty acids, free glycerol, lipoproteinlipase activity and in vitro utilization of labelled glucose.Introduction.
On a mesuré chez 12 porcs mâles entiers placés en cage de digestibilité et pesant environ 30 kg, l'utilisation digestive de l'azote et de l'énergie des graines d'une légumineuse tropicale : Vigna sinensis. La comparaison a été effectuée avec le tourteau de soja, en utilisant la méthode du complément à l'aide d'une ration à base de maïs. Dans nos conditions expérimentales, l'utilisation digestive des composants principaux du Vigna sinensis peut être calculée après détermination de l'utilisation digestive de la ration de base et ceux d'une ration contenant soit 23 p. 100 de tourteau de soja, soit 40 p. 100 de graines de Vigna sinensis. Les graines de Vigna sinensis broyées sont étudiées à l'état cru ou cuit à r2W pendant 15 minutes sans supplémentation en acides aminés. Les performances de croissance pondérale font apparaître les différences importantes entre le tourteau de soja et les régimes à base de Vigna sinensis ; pour ce dernier, la cuisson améliore de façon spectaculaire les performances de croissance. 9 5 p. 100 de maïs (tabl. i).
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