The measurement and control of humidity is a major challenge that affects the sensing properties of sensors used in high-precision equipment manufacturing industries. Graphene Oxide(GO)-based materials have been extensively explored in humidity sensing applications because of their high surface area and functional groups. However, there is a lack of effective bulk-manufacturing processes for the synthesis of 2D-based nanocomposites with comb electrodes. Moreover, water intercalation within the layers of 2D materials increases recovery time. This work demonstrates the enhanced sensing characteristics of a capacitive/resistive GO-MnZnO nanocomposite humidity sensor produced using a cost-effective single-pot synthesis process. The in-plane sensing layer consistently improves sensitivity and reduces response time for a wide range of relative humidity measurements (10% to 90%). Interdigitated gold electrodes with varying numbers of fingers and spacing were fabricated using photolithography on a Si/SiO₂ for a consistent sensor device platform. The choice of nanomaterials, dimension of the sensor, and fabrication method influence the performance of the humidity sensor in a controlled environment. GO nanocomposites show significant improvement in response time (82.67 times greater at 40% RH) and sensitivity (95.7 times more at 60% RH). The response time of 4.5 s and recovery time of 21 s was significantly better for a wider range of relative humidity compared to the reduced GO-sensing layer and ZnMnO. An optimized 6 mm × 3 mm dimension sensor with a 28-fingers comb was fabricated with a metal-etching process. This is one of the most effective methods for bulk manufacturing. The performance of the sensing layer is comparable to established sensing nanomaterials that are currently used in humidity sensors, and hence can be extended for optimal bulk manufacturing with minimum electrochemical treatments.
Concrete is a mix of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate with water in correct proportion. Many attempts had been to replace the fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement in concrete. In this row replacement of coarse aggregate by cashew shells was tried. Over 66% of the overall country export cashew kernels. The cashew seeds is well acclaimed for its good quality and appearance. Concrete cubes and beams had casted using cashew shell as a partial replacement of the coarse aggregate in the proportion of 10%,20% and 30% replacement. the specific gravity of the shell was analyzed and 16mm shell were selected for the experiment. The characteristic of concrete was determined and the result showed that 10% replacement of shell with coarse aggregate gives the optimum strength.
S Cement Concrete is one of the most important material used in construction, as it provides good ductility and can be moulded into any shape. Normal cement concrete holds a very short tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. It has been initiated that various types of fibers added in exact percentage to concrete expands the mechanical properties, durability and serviceability of the structure. The main aim of the study is to study the strength of M20 grade of concrete by adding rice husk ash and barite comparing with conventional concrete. The admixtures are added from replacing cement with fly ash and GGBS at 25%, 50% & 75% to the volume of cementious material. The mechanical properties namely compressive strength, split tensile strength were carried for concrete specimen at different age level and the basic test was conducted for cement, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate.
The failure of reinforced concrete structures is due to various surface damage or structural damage. The common problem identified for the repair of concrete structures is mainly because of Corrosion. In order to prevent the steel from corrosion effect, the various methodologies are being adopted. Core-shell theory was used to protect the steel material from the effect of corrosion by the application of cobalt oxide with zinc oxide on silica and alumina layer. According to this theory, the formation of effective protective layer is made to behave an anticorrosive coating. The combined effect of core and shell compounds enhances the efficacy of properties as a film of coating material for the steel used in the construction industry. The present study is an attempt on coating the steel reinforcement used in the construction industry using plastic oil extracted from the waste plastic which possesses the property of adhesion and resistance against corrosion.
Abstract. For pavement constructions such as runway and highway construction, fine-grained soils are not suitable because of their undesirable properties such as grading of particle size, low bearing capacity, and more plasticity, and its ability to swell. To improve these soil properties various soil stabilization methods are needed. The stabilization is done by adding various stabilizing materials with the fine-grained soil. Fibres are one of the materials used in soil stabilization. This experimental study has been carried over to improve the bearing capacity of soft soil (from Sholinganallur, Chennai) by using Natural and Artificial fibres. During this study, the soil samples which has been stabilized with various fibres was prepared i.e., soil with Natural fibres (jute fibre) and soil with artificial fibres. In this experimental study, index properties and engineering properties of soft soil or unreinforced samples and stabilized soil samples with fibres are determined. Samples are subjected to various soil tests which have been used to determine the engineering properties of soil. The soil tests such as the standard proctor compaction test, unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, and Unconfined Compression (UCC) test had been done to determine the characteristics of the samples. To determine the properties of the reinforced materials, the fibres also have undergone various geosynthetic laboratory tests. The results of the study show that the bearing capacity of Shollinganallur fine-grained soil can be improved subsequently and water absorption by soil has been reduced significantly by using fibres.
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