The measurement and control of humidity is a major challenge that affects the sensing properties of sensors used in high-precision equipment manufacturing industries. Graphene Oxide(GO)-based materials have been extensively explored in humidity sensing applications because of their high surface area and functional groups. However, there is a lack of effective bulk-manufacturing processes for the synthesis of 2D-based nanocomposites with comb electrodes. Moreover, water intercalation within the layers of 2D materials increases recovery time. This work demonstrates the enhanced sensing characteristics of a capacitive/resistive GO-MnZnO nanocomposite humidity sensor produced using a cost-effective single-pot synthesis process. The in-plane sensing layer consistently improves sensitivity and reduces response time for a wide range of relative humidity measurements (10% to 90%). Interdigitated gold electrodes with varying numbers of fingers and spacing were fabricated using photolithography on a Si/SiO₂ for a consistent sensor device platform. The choice of nanomaterials, dimension of the sensor, and fabrication method influence the performance of the humidity sensor in a controlled environment. GO nanocomposites show significant improvement in response time (82.67 times greater at 40% RH) and sensitivity (95.7 times more at 60% RH). The response time of 4.5 s and recovery time of 21 s was significantly better for a wider range of relative humidity compared to the reduced GO-sensing layer and ZnMnO. An optimized 6 mm × 3 mm dimension sensor with a 28-fingers comb was fabricated with a metal-etching process. This is one of the most effective methods for bulk manufacturing. The performance of the sensing layer is comparable to established sensing nanomaterials that are currently used in humidity sensors, and hence can be extended for optimal bulk manufacturing with minimum electrochemical treatments.
Concrete is a mix of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate with water in correct proportion. Many attempts had been to replace the fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement in concrete. In this row replacement of coarse aggregate by cashew shells was tried. Over 66% of the overall country export cashew kernels. The cashew seeds is well acclaimed for its good quality and appearance. Concrete cubes and beams had casted using cashew shell as a partial replacement of the coarse aggregate in the proportion of 10%,20% and 30% replacement. the specific gravity of the shell was analyzed and 16mm shell were selected for the experiment. The characteristic of concrete was determined and the result showed that 10% replacement of shell with coarse aggregate gives the optimum strength.
S Cement Concrete is one of the most important material used in construction, as it provides good ductility and can be moulded into any shape. Normal cement concrete holds a very short tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. It has been initiated that various types of fibers added in exact percentage to concrete expands the mechanical properties, durability and serviceability of the structure. The main aim of the study is to study the strength of M20 grade of concrete by adding rice husk ash and barite comparing with conventional concrete. The admixtures are added from replacing cement with fly ash and GGBS at 25%, 50% & 75% to the volume of cementious material. The mechanical properties namely compressive strength, split tensile strength were carried for concrete specimen at different age level and the basic test was conducted for cement, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate.
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