This paper presents the Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of an interconnected twoarea solar-thermal deregulated power system. In this investigation, the thermal plants are considered with reheat tandem compound steam turbine rather than steam turbine dynamic model parameters are thought to be consistent. Concentrated solar power can store vitality in the type of thermal energy. The stored thermal energy can be utilized to produce electricity in the absence of solar irradiance. Thus, AGC of a multi-area power system incorporating solar thermal power plant (STPP) is vital for these examinations. A FOPID controller is an established PID aside from its derivative and integral orders are fractional numbers in place of being integers. The control parameters of FOPID controller are tuned utilizing Lightning Search Algorithm (LSA) and its execution is contrasted and Proportional-Integral (PI), Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers based AGC loop. A sophisticated application of Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) coordinates with Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) for the improvement of AGC loop of a two-area solar-thermal power system is also considered. Simulation reveals that the proposed FOPID controller tuned with LSA algorithm liven up the dynamic output response of the test system as far as less pinnacle deviation and settling time of area frequencies and tie-line power oscillations in various exchanges of the deregulated power system. The execution of the RFB and IPFC unit captures the underlying fall in frequency and additionally the tie-line power deviations after a sudden load unsettling influence.
-This paper proposes various design procedures for computing Power System Ancillary Service Requirement Assessment Indices (PSASRAI) for a Two-Area Thermal Reheat Interconnected Power System (TATRIPS) in a restructured environment. In an interconnected power system, a sudden load perturbation in any area causes the deviation of frequencies of all the areas and also in the tie-line powers. This has to be corrected to ensure the generation and distribution of electric power companies to ensure good quality. A simple Proportional and Integral (PI) controllers have wide usages in controlling the Load Frequency Control (LFC) problems. So the design of the PI controller gains for the restructured power system are obtained using Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) algorithm. From the simulation results, the PSASRAI are calculated based on the settling time and peak over shoot concept of control input deviations of each area for different possible transactions. These Indices are useful for system operator to prepare the power system restoration plans. Moreover, the LFC loop coordinated with Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) has greatly improved the dynamic response and it reduces the control input requirements and to ensure improved PSASRAI, thereby improving the system reliability.
This paper is focused on design and application of Pseudo-Derivative Feedback (PDF) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of a two-area thermal reheat interconnected power system treated in deregulated condition. The proposed controller gains are tuned simultaneously using Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) in order to achieve the optimal transient response of the test system. The control performance of the PDF controller is compared with Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers. Further to improve the AGC performance, Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) are included in its control area. The execution of HES unit captures the underlying fall in frequency as well as the tie line control power deviations after a sudden load unsettling influence. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PDF controller enhance the dynamic response of the deregulated power system as compared with PI and PID contrtoller. The frequency oscillation and tie-line power deviations in the control zones are reduced and the settling time is additionally enhanced when HES unit takes an interest in the frequency regulation along with the traditional generators. Additionally, the Power System Restoration Indices (PSRI) is figured in view of system dynamic performances and the remedial measures to be taken can be decreed. These PSRI shows that the ancillary service requirement to enhances the effectiveness of physical task of the power system with the expanded transmission limit in the system. The presence of an Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) water electrolyser coupled to a fuel cell improves significantly the control and operation of an energy system and provides good margin of stability of the grid system compared to that a system without HES unit.
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