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Heavy oils and native asphalt commercial field development is concerned with research on differentissues, refer to production, transportation and processing. Investigation on the possibility of heavy oils and native asphalt conversion under field conditions, including downhole treatment, in order to decrease crude oil viscosity is one of the promising research trends in this field. The stated conversion is feasible under thermolysis and aquathermolysis processes, among others.Overwhelmingly important and relevant objective is determination of common factors and development of scientific basis of the mentioned processes.

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The significant increase in the end point of produceable crudes, inclusion of natural asphalts in refining, and the formation of important amounts of petroleum residues and used petroleum products have stimulated a search for new nontraditional methods of refining petroleum feedstock and utilization of substandard petroleum products. The existing methods of utilization basically propose burning them as components of boiler fuels.Thermolysis, particularly oxidative thermolysis, of petroleum feedstock is a possible qualified solution to the problem. In contrast to thermal cracking or other types of thermal conversion which are usually related to decomposition of petroleum feedstock to obtain lighter cuts, thermolysis does not involve intensive decomposition, since it is conducted in defined thermobaric conditions which ensure that polycondensation, condensation, and polymerization processes that participate in configurational transformations of the structural elements in the feedstock system primarily take place in the system.In the general case, the process temperature can be varied within the range of 250-400°C and the pressure can vary from atmospheric to several tens of atmospheres. In oxidative thermolysis, slight excess pressure is created in the system as a result of feed of air. Heat treatment of the feedstock by thermolysis allows preparing it for different manufacturing processes and obtaining qualitatively new products.The practical implementation of the process has been demonstrated by many industrial technologies and studies. To prepare the feedstock for production of industrial carbon, thermolysis of heavy pyrolytic resins at 200-400°C for 10-20 min was investigated. An important increase in the concentration of tri-and tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the resin -the most desirable components of this feedstock -was established as a result [1].Asphalts are manufactured by oxidative thermolysis of heavy petroleum resids [2]. For this reason, it is interesting to use several types of heavy crudes for manufacturing asphalts by direct oxidation of thermolysis when they contain no naphtha cuts [3]. Light thermal cracking under pressure -visbreaking -to reduce the viscosity of residual products from oil refining can probably be considered a version of thermolysis [4]. Manufacture of pitches from petroleum residues of primary and secondary origin is a typical thermolytic process. This process becomes especially important in developing technology for production of carbon materials of improved quality and articles made from them.

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