Since 2003 bread and fine bakery products must not contain more than 350 μg Deoxynivalenol (DON). As a prerequisite for the label "Geprüfte Qualität"-Thüringen [proved quality Thuringia] and since coming into force of the respective evaluation prescription a total of 25 breads and 41 fine bakery products was investigated by ELISA with regard of this compound. In the 66 samples of the year 2003 no DON concentrations above the limit were detected and in the preparation period 2001/2002 only one sample exceeded the maximum. In several samples, most narrow to the maximum limit, an additional determination by HPLC was performed which resulted in lower DON-concentrations as compared to the values analyzed by ELISA.
A total of 3426 broilers were used in 3 fattening trials. The birds received supplements of the antibiotic lamdbamycine in amounts of 30 or 40 mg per kg of feed added to adequately balanced fattening rations. OTC supplements (40 mg per kg) which were an obligatory food component at the time of the trial were used as controls. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: Supplements of neither lambdamycine nor oxytetracycline exerted any significant influence on food consumption. Lambdamycine improved the rate of liveweight gains by 2% (trial 1, alpha greater than 0.05) and 5% (trial 2 and 3; trial 2: alpha less than 0.05, trial 3: alpha greater than 0.05). The growth-promoting effect of OTC was less pronounced than usual (2-3%; alpha less than 0.05) or was completely absent (trial 2). Lambdamycine decreased the rate of food consumption per unit of weight gain in 2 trials (trial 2: alpha less than 0.01) OTC did not influence the rate of food consumption.
2,3-dimethyl-quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide and 2-methyl-quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide proved to be ergotropic in the feeding of a hydrocolloid ration as well as of a broiler fattening feed. They are at least equal to Nitrovin. The ergotropic effect of the hydrocolloid ration was higher than that of the conventional ration. For this reason methylated quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides are considered as belonging to the intestinal stabilisers. They increased nutrient and energy retention and decreased feed efficiency by approximately equal to 10%. Residues in the liver, the kidneys and the intestines could only be detected after 10 times the ergotropic amount.
A zysbiosis can be caused by food constituents. Food portions with 40% rye for chickens release a destabilisation of the gut flora. This can be prevented by effective stabilizers. Early weaned piglets harbour high numbers of E. coli in their ileum and jejunum content. These become decreased by about three tens powers by affective gut flora stabilizers. Simultaneously the body mass rises considerably without an increase of the food consumption with reference to the living mass. Partially, the ergotropic effect of the gut flora stabilizers is attributed to the smaller expense for the immune defence. Therefore, a new hypothesis for the growth stimulating effect of ergotropics for early weaned piglets is created.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.