Objectives: This pilot study aimed to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a pedometer-based walking programme in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: Feasibility was assessed by monitoring participant recruitment, retention, and adherence to the step-monitoring and recording instructions. Effectiveness was assessed in a pilot randomised controlled trial. Participants were type 2 diabetes mellitus patients randomly assigned to a pedometer-only (PED-only) group (n = 22) and a pedometer with text message support (PED+) group (n = 21). Outcomes were step counts, self-reported physical activity, social cognitive constructs, glycaemic parameters, and health-related quality of life. These were assessed at baseline, 12-week intervention, and 12 weeks later. Longitudinal analyses using generalised estimating equations were carried out to assess treatment and time effects on study outcomes. Results: All but one participant (98%) attended 12-and 24-week data collection follow-ups. Throughout the study period, 82% of PED+ participants submitted their daily steps log. Daily steps increased in both groups (p < 0.001) but more in the PED+ group (2064 more steps at week 24, 95% confidence interval: 200-3925, p = 0.03). Self-reported physical activity levels and glycaemic parameters increased similarly in the two groups over time (p < 0.05). Improvements in social cognitive processes were seen only in the PED+ group (p < 0.05). There were no significant improvements in health-related quality of life. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that a pedometer-based walking programme, with or without additional support, is feasible and improves physical activity and glucose levels in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Greater increases in step counts can result from the provision of text message support and education materials than from the provision of a pedometer only.

Background : The fulfillment of nutrient intake is a basic need of athletes. The result of observation to some athletes with varied branches of sport indicates that nutrition and physical exercise will simultaneously bring better output. Presently, attention to the administration of nutrition for athletes is lacking, moreover at local level. Meanwhile, providing good nutrition is as important as maintaining sports achievement.Objective : The study aimed to identify support of eating pattern to physical exercise of Bali self-defence athletes during local training of National Sports Week XVII Province of Bali.Method : This was a descriptive analytical study which used qualitative and quantitave approaches and cross sectional design. Subjects of the study were all of 26 self defence athletes participating in local training at National Sports Week Province of Bali. Data gathered were eating pattern, physical fitness (VO2 max and body fat percent), and physiological condition (hemoglobin level). Support of eating pattern to physical exercise was measured in terms of physical fitness using regression and correlation analysis. Result : Most of nutrient intakes of Bali self-defences athletes were low in carbohydrate but high in fat and protein. Statistical analysis showed that there were correlation and effect of vitamin C and Fe intake to VO2 max. There were correlation and effect of carbohydrate to body fat percent. There was protein affected hemoglobin level. Conclusion : Adequate consumption of nutrients was needed to support athletes in doing physical exercise during training period.

Physical activity, nutritional status, and total energy expenditure are important components of a human. The purpose of this study was to find out the depiction of physical activity, nutritional status, basal metabolic rate, and total energy expenditure of Indonesia migrant workers during Covid-19 pandemic. The study was a survey study with a descriptive design. The samples were 86 Indonesia migrant workers. The instrument used was the 24 hour recall physical activity sheet for 14 days. The result of the study showed that: 88% of male samples and 95% of female samples gained physical activity level score in low category. The PAL score of the male samples was 1.56, while the PAL score of female samples was 1.52. Related to body mass index, 51% of Indonesia migrant workers were in the normal category; 27% were in the overweight category; 17% were in the Obese I Category, and 5% were in the Obese II category. 22 Indonesia migrant workers in overweight category had low physical activity category, 15 persons in Obesity I category had low physical activity category, and 4 persons in Obese II category. The average of the BMR of the samples during the quarantine, due to Covid-19 pandemic, was 1669 kkal/day for male and 1335 kkal/day for female. The average of total energy expenditure of the samples during Covid-19 quarantine was 2595 kkal/day for male and 2031 kkal/day for female. The physical activity level was low, the nutrition status was normal, total energy expenditure was low, the BMR of the sample was dominated by age factor, sex, and weight of the sample. The result of the study was expected to be a reference of regional and other quarantine systems to improve the immunity system during the 14 days of quarantine.

The Problem-Based Learning Approach in Physical Therapy FieldWorks. The objectives of the study are to identify strategic application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in physical therapy field works and to improve students’mastery in physical therapy in terms of cognitive, affective, and psychomotordomains. This action research study consisted of three cycles, each of whichincluded four stages, namely planning, implementing the plan, monitoringactivities and progress, and reflection. The participants were 23 seventh semesterstudents taking physical therapy field works in 2007. In the first cycle, students’theoretical mastery was inadequate. In the second cycle they did more extensiveliterature search to expand theories. In the third cycle they learned more aboutempirical cases, not just theories, so that they better skills in implementing thewhole PBL activities and managed to attain the course objectives. PBL is thereforesuitable for advanced students prior to their professional development.Keywords: problem based-learning, physical therapy field works

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh dari latihan fartlek dengan treadmill, latihan fartlek dengan lari di lapangan, dan kapasitas vital paru terhadap daya tahan kardiorespirasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen faktorial 2 x 2. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes daya tahan kardiorespirasi (tes Cooper 12 menit), dihitung jarak maksimal yang dapat ditempuh dalam waktu 12 menit tersebut. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Ada perbedaan daya tahan kardiorespirasi antara kelompok latihan fartlek dengan treadmill dan kelompok latihan fartlek dengan lari di lapangan. Daya tahan kardiorespirasi kelompok latihan fartlek dengan lari di lapangan menunjuk-kan pengaruh lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok latihan fartlek dengan treadmill. (2) Ada perbedaan daya tahan kardiorespirasi kelompok kapasitas vital paru tinggi dan kapasitas vital paru rendah. Daya tahan kardiorespirasi kelompok kapasitas vital paru tinggi menunjukkan pengaruh lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok kapasitas vital paru rendah. (3) Tidak ada interaksi antara latihan fartlek dengan treadmill, latihan fartlek dengan lari di lapangan, dan kapasitas vital paru terhadap daya tahan kardio-respirasi. Kelompok yang berlatih fartlek dengan lari di lapangan dan mempunyai kapasitas vital paru rendah, kelompok yang berlatih fartlek dengan treadmill dan mempunyai kapasitas vital paru tinggi, dan kelompok yang berlatih fartlek dengan lari di lapangan dan mempunyai kapasitas vital paru tinggi tidak berbeda signifikan. THE EFFECT OF FARTLEK EXERCISE WITH TREADMILL AND RUNNING ON RESPIRATORY ENDURANCEAbstract The objective of this study is to reveal the effect of fartlek with treadmill, running, and vital lung capacity on respiratory endurance. The study used the experiment factorial 2x2 block design. The data were collected using the respiratory endurance test (using the twelve minutes by Cooper’s test) with maximal distance which can be taken within twelve minutes. The results of this study are as follows: (1) There is a difference in respiratory endurance between those who were involved in fartlek with treadmill with those who ran. The respiratory endurance is better for those who ran than those who used treadmill. (2) There is a difference in respiratory endurance between those who have low vital lung capacity with those who have high vital lung capacity. The respiratory endurance is better for those who have high vital lung capacity than those who have low vital lung capacity. (3) There is no interaction between those who were involved in fartlek with treadmill, running, and vital lung capacity in respiratory endurance. Members who were involved in fartlek with ran and have low vital lung capacity, who were involved in fartlek with treadmill and have high vital lung capacity, and who were involved in fartlek with ran and have high vital lung capacity is not different significance. Keywords: fartlek training, vital lung capacity, respiratory endurance.