Background:Globularia alypum L. (Globulariaceae) is a shrub growing in the Mediterranean basin and known to be used as a popular medicine for its several pharmacological properties against rheumatism, gout, typhoid, intermittent fever, and diabetes.Materials and Methods:The acute and chronic toxicities of a G. alypum L. aqueous leaf extract were studied in animals. Acute toxicity was performed in male and female mice whereas chronic toxicity was realized in male and female rats that orally received the drug at the doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg/24 h for 30 days.Results:Acute toxicity showed that the extract, administered by the oral route, does not induce any mortality even for a dose of 10,000 mg/kg. Administered by the intra-peritoneal route to female and male mice, the LD50 of the extract was found to be of 2750 and 2550 mg/kg, respectively. A chronic toxicity study showed that, compared to the control groups that only received the vehicle (water), the drugs affects weight growth (effects more pronounced in female than in male rats), some organs weight after autopsy, hematological and biochemical parameters and histology of some principal organs (lungs: histological grades I to II pulmonary hypertension (PHT), respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and lymphoid hyperplasia; esophagus: thinning down of esophageal wall, atrophic muscular coat). The most important finding of the study was the recorded active spermatogenesis induced by the reiterated administrations of the drug that was confirmed by reducing the administered dose and the period of treatment (100 mg/kg/24 h for 15 days).Conclusion:It is suggested that the G. alypum L. leaf extract contains active substances with androgenic properties that could be used in human therapy.
Background:Garlic plays an important role in complementary and alternative medicine. Most people believe in and use herbal products even when they have not been as thoroughly researched as garlic. Garlic is also known for its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.Materials and Methods:The relaxant effect of Allium sativum L. bulb aqueous extract (ASBAE) containing 0.06%-0.10% of allicin was studied on isolated smooth muscle of trachea of rats precontracted using acetylcholine (10−5 M).Results:It was found that ASBAE induced a dose-dependent relaxation with recorded EC 50 values of 71.87 ± 5.90 µg/mL (n = 7). Pretreatments with mepyramine (10−7 M), methysergide (10−7 M), caffeine (10−6 M), theophylline (10−6 M), nifedipine (10−6 M), and dipyridamole (10−6 M) did not alter ASBAE concentration-response curves. In turn, concentration-response curves to ASBAE were significantly shifted toward right in the presence of aspirin (3.10−3 M), indomethacin (10−6 M), prazosin (10−6 M), and propranolol (10−7 M).Conclusion:It is suggested that the recorded relaxation results are due to the release of prostaglandins E 1 and E 2 consecutively to α- and β-adrenoreceptor stimulation.
The effects of an Olea europaea L. dried leaf extract containing 3.2% of oleuropein were investigated on the rat isolated ileum and trachea. On basal tone rat isolated ileum, Olea europaea L. extract was shown to produce a dual effect characterized by a contraction at low doses (10-7-10-4g/mL) and a relaxation at high doses (3.10-4-10-3g/mL). The extract induced contractile effect was found to involve at least histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and thromboxane A2. On precontracted rat isolated ileum, the extract only induced a relaxation that was not modified by nifedipine, diltiazem, dipyridamone, verapamil or papaverine ( M). The effects of the extract were also studied on the rat isolated trachea. On basal tone organs, Ofea europaea L. extract did not produce any effect, whereas, when basal tone was raised by acetylcholine (ACh M), the drug caused a relaxation (maximal effect 39.01%&5.40°/~ of the response to theophylline; (3.10X ~O -' M n=15). It is suggested that the induced relaxation is consecutive to an increase of intracellular 3'5' CAMP.
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