This paper outlines the design of a co-located crosspolarized two-loop antenna for the ISM 2.4 GHz band. This antenna may be of interest to radar applications in the problem of finding the direction of arrival of a signal and in wireless applications that exploit polarization diversity. This antenna is an initial result towards the design of an electromagnetic vector sensor.
Polarization is one type of waveform diversity that may be exploited to improve both radar and communication systems performance. Analytical results show that in order to obtain the best performance improvements, based upon the use of polarization diversity, knowledge of the full electric and magnetic field components is required. Vector sensor antennas are able to measure these components and thus they enable the exploitation of polarization diversity. This article describes a distributed approach to design a 6D vector antenna in a distributed fashion using both electric dipole and magnetic loops as constitutive elements.
The scattering from a metal plane with a ridge is considered for the cases of plane wave and line source illumination and both polarizations. Exact analytical results are expressed using series that contain products of radial and angular Mathieu functions. The exact analytical results are computed and compared with high-frequency approximations and with measurements.
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