Lactobacillus rhamnosus can metabolize citrate through a citrate inducible transport system. The growth curves of L. rhamnosus on medium containing glucose and citrate was found to be highly dependent on preculturing conditions. It exhibited diauxic growth when precultured on glucose, but demonstrated simultaneous consumption when cultured on citrate. The maximum specific growth rate for cells growing on glucose + citrate was 0.38 h-1, which was higher than the growth rate on individual substrates (0.28 h-1). Simultaneous consumption also yielded higher net flavour compounds, diacetyl and acetoin. Flux analysis indicated that L. rhamnosus requires oxygen for balancing excess NADH through NADH oxidase. The flux analysis provided insights into the metabolic network of L. rhamnosus.
The present investigation focused on the toxicological efficacy of essential oil of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. The oils were extracted from the leaves using hydro-distillation method. Further its toxicological efficacy was evaluated against Escherichia coli (MTCC-723),Klebsiella pneumoniae(MTCC No. 4032),Salmonella typhimurium (MTCC-3231) and
Vibrio cholerae (MTCC-3906). Toxicological efficacy of essential oil was found highest against S. typhimurium. Inhibiting activity was also found against K. pneumoniae and E. coli (MTCC-723). Least activity was recorded against V. cholerae. Hence, essential oil from leaves of P. roxburghii exhibit great potential for the development of eco-friendly, nontoxic, cost-effective anti-bacterial herbal drug formulations.
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