Current trend of antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella typhi and other Salmonellae in Mumbai: A 5 years study

Chande, Chhaya; Chopdekar, KA; Pradnya, V; Unnati, R; Jyoti, B.D.; Ritesh, S; Shazia, C; Joshi, SG; Abhay, C

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.174100

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Given that fluoroquinolones remain an important therapeutic option for typhoid fever, it was worrisome to note that 45 per cent of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Our results were in concordance with an earlier report on an increase in quinolone resistance amongst strains in India 27 . The emergence of drug-resistant S .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Investigation into a community outbreak of Salmonella Typhi in Bengaluru, India

et al. 2017

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Background & objectives:Outbreaks of infection due to Salmonella enterica servovar Typhi (S. Typhi) are a great threat to public health. A rapid molecular typing method to characterize strains implicated in an outbreak is critical in implementing appropriate control measures. This study was done to demonstrate the power of a PCR-based method to provide rapid insights into the genetic relatedness amongst the Salmonella isolates implicated in a suspected typhoid fever outbreak.Methods:Forty two S. Typhi isolates originating from three geographically distinct areas, with one area suspected to have a single-source outbreak were included in the study. The genetic fingerprint of all isolates was generated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence based-PCR (ERIC-PCR). The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were also evaluated.Results:ERIC-PCR was found to be rapid and reproducible with a discriminatory index of 0.766. The dendrogram constructed based on ERIC-PCR fingerprinting revealed the existence of 12 distinct genotypes. The location suspected to have an outbreak displayed two genotypes amongst the 24 isolates. The other two locations (18 isolates) displayed genetic heterogeneity. The clonality of the outbreak isolates from the time-matched control isolates was established. The observed antimicrobial susceptibility profiles did not have any discriminatory power to subtype the isolates compared to the genetic fingerprints.Interpretation & conclusions:Our study demonstrated the discriminatory power and value of ERIC-PCR in the typing of S. Typhi isolates and providing valuable epidemiological insights.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Investigation into a community outbreak of Salmonella Typhi in Bengaluru, India

et al. 2017

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“…In the present study, 17.9% of isolates showed resistance to AZM (Table 3), a macrolide antimicrobial used for the limited treatment of MDR Salmonella infections [8, 46]. In recent years, AZM has been used for typhoid treatment due to the increased prevalence of MDR Salmonella isolates, which has caused serious problems in antimicrobial selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Distribution and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in broiler farms with or without enrofloxacin use

Shang¹,

Wei²,

Kang³

2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundSalmonella is a major zoonotic food-borne pathogen that persists on poultry farms, and animals undergo reinfection with endemic strains. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella within and between broiler farms that used enrofloxacin and those that did not.ResultsCloacal and environmental (litter, feed, and water) samples from two selected flocks in each of 12 farms owned by the same company were collected three times over a 30-day period of two production cycles during 2015–2016. The rate of Salmonella isolation was 7.8% (123/1584). Nine Salmonella serotypes (116 isolates) and seven untypable isolates were identified, and Salmonella Montevideo was the most prevalent serotype. Azithromycin-resistant (17.9%) and colistin-resistant (3.3%) isolates were detected, and multidrug-resistant isolates (43.1%) were also observed. No isolate was resistant to enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin; however, intermediate resistance to enrofloxacin was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in farms that used enrofloxacin than in those that did not. The rate of multi-drug resistance among litter isolates (25/44, 56.8%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that among cloacal swab (24/67, 35.8%) and feed (4/12, 33.3%) isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of strains of the same serotype was conducted to determine their epidemiological relationship. The PFGE types were classified into 31 groups with a 100% correlation cutoff in dendrograms for Salmonella Montevideo isolates, which showed 100% genomic identity based on age, sample type, flock, and production cycle within and between farms.ConclusionThe present study highlights the occurrence of horizontal transmission and cyclic contamination with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in broiler farms owned by the same company. Litter may be a good indicator of indoor environmental contamination with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella on farms. Additionally, enrofloxacin use may be one of the factors promoting resistance towards it in Salmonella.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1590-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…24 A recent study from Mumbai found all isolates of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A to be susceptible to azithromycin. 25 While comparing the 2012 CLSI guidelines with the previous 2011 guidelines, it was found that as per the 2012 CLSI guidelines for ciprofloxacin susceptibility, only 3% of their strains were susceptible, and 88% were moderately susceptible, as compared with the 2011 CLSI breakpoints in which 95% were susceptible. Thus, reinterpreting MIC results with 2012 guidelines indicates the end of the road for ciprofloxacin as the drug of choice for Salmonella Typhi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in antibiotic susceptibility of enteric fever isolates from South India, 2002–2013

Joshi

Adhikary

Beena

et al. 2019

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Background: Enteric fever is endemic in India. Trends in antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A isolates over the past 12 years were studied. Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive blood culture isolates of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A was performed from 2002 to 2013. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid (NA), ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone by disc diffusion. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin was determined using E-test strips. Mantel-Haenszel extended chi-square test was used for analysis of trends across years. Results: Three thousand two hundred ninety-six Salmonella spp. were isolated; of which, 1905 were identified as Salmonella Typhi (58%) and 1393 as Salmonella Paratyphi A (42%). Multidrug resistance (chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole) was relatively stable throughout the study period. NA resistance increased from 18% in 2007 to 100% in 2013 among Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates and from 67% to 82% among Salmonella Typhi isolates. Complete susceptibility to ceftriaxone and azithromycin was observed in this study. Conclusions: Knowledge of the local patterns of resistance would help in appropriate therapy for enteric fever. With increasing rates of fluoroquinolone resistance in our hospital setting, it is probably prudent to revert back to the first-line agents for treatment and save azithromycin and third-generation cephalosporins for difficult and non-responsive cases.

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Current trend of antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella typhi and other Salmonellae in Mumbai: A 5 years study

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Investigation into a community outbreak of Salmonella Typhi in Bengaluru, India

Investigation into a community outbreak of Salmonella Typhi in Bengaluru, India

Distribution and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in broiler farms with or without enrofloxacin use

Trends in antibiotic susceptibility of enteric fever isolates from South India, 2002–2013

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