A new 1×N single-mode integrated optical star coupler is presented. Directional couplers with linearly changing spacing are utilized to optimize various loss aspects. The device is fabricated on glass substrates by Na+↔K+ ion exchange.
Abstract-Pipes with supported ends conveying pulsating fluid may lose the dynamic stability due to parametric instability, therefore the piezoelectric actuators are taken as the control actuators here for controlling vibration of pipeline. First, the controlled mathematical models of pipes conveying fluid were established. Second, model reference adaptive control (MRAC) system and MRAC system based on adapti ve gain of the PD were designed. Third, the effects of controllers were verified and the effects of the control parameters on the controllers were analyzed also. During simulation, the time of vibration displacement decaying to zero, also the time and total energy of control input were taken as evaluation indexes. The results of numerical simulation showed that the pipeline vibration could be controlled well by the controllers which were designed by adapti ve control strategy. Keywords-pipes conveying fluid; model reference adaptive control (MRAC); piezoelectric actuator I.INTRODUCTION Pipes conveying fluid have been widely used in many fields of industry. Considering the fluid is pulsatile, pipeline system may lose the stability by parametric resonances, which the pipeline vibration is continuous and the displacement is very large. Because dynamics of pipes conveying fluid are typical nonlinear dynamic behaviours, how to reduce vibration of pipeline has remained one of intense interest to researchers in this field nowadays. At present, the main control methods are PID control, independent modal space control (IMSC) [1,2], linear quadratic optimal control (LQOC) [3], adaptive control [4,5], robust control [6] and fu zzy control [7], etc.
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