It was possible to obtain virtually age-independent reference values for testicular volume, epididymal head size and PSV of the testicular artery in adults. With regard to testicular volumetry, it is essential to consider which formula has been used, since the calculated volumes differ significantly from formula to formula.
The historical development of diagnosis of torsion of the appendix testis and spermatic cord highlights the ever present need for careful examination, a high index of suspicion and timely therapy.
Our findings support the hypothesis that clinical varicoceles can be predicted with high accuracy based only on the diameter of testicular veins using cut-point values of >2.45 mm in rest or >2.95 mm during Valsalva maneuver in the supine position.
According to our data ESWT does not appear to be significantly effective for decreasing penile curvature and plaque size or improving sexual function in the total population of patients with Peyronie's disease despite improvements in individuals. Penile pain seems to resolve earlier than during the natural course. Regarding the results of this study and previous reports with exact documentation of the clinical findings it can be concluded that ESWT cannot be recommended as a standard procedure for Peyronie's disease. To evaluate the exact efficacy of ESWT a controlled, single-blind, multicenter study with exact documentation of symptoms is urgently required.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.