| Equine anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) and hemoplasmosis (hemotropic Mycoplasma spp.) are two bacterial diseases diagnosed in horse's blood for the first time in Iraq. Both diseases can be transmitted by different ticks and some reservoir hosts Anaplasmosis and hemoplasmosis also play a role in their transmission. In September 2017 to July 2018, clinical and hematological examinations of 45 cases of suspected equine anaplasmosis and/or hemoplasmosis at veterinary teaching hospital of college of veterinary medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. The clinical examination were revealed Depression, ataxia, fever, palemucousmembranes, limb edema and colic in some cases. The hematological examination showed mild anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, with inclusions visual in the buffy coat and blood smears. Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (in erythrocytes) and A. phagocytophilum morulae (in neutrophils and monocytes) were observed in 33.3 % and 28.9% of samples, respectively with 37.8% of samples had co-infection of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. and A. phagocytophilum .The tick hemolymph test was successfully applied to naturally infected adult ticks of horses and provides a rapid identification of the elementary bodies of A. phagocytophilium.

The objective of current study was to determine the prevalence of bovine heamotropic mycoplasma in cattle using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Nineveh province/ Iraq, to investigate some of the epidemiological risk factors associated with occurrence of the disease. From September 2017-September 2018, four hundred blood samples were obtained from cattle both sexes, different ages, origin, different management systems and from different regions in Nineveh province, ten milliliter blood were collected from the jugular vein for PCR test, whatever epidemiological data were collected through interview with the farms owners. The results of this study appear that the prevalence of bovine heamotropic mycoplasma was 75%. The risk factors associated with increased prevalence of disease include age, increased prevalence was at >3 years, females, imported animals, indoor animals which were 86.8, 80, 91.7, 77.5% respectively. The significantly increased prevalence of the disease 93.7% in the western regions of Nineveh province. In spring and summer months a significantly increased prevalence of disease which were 79.6 and 78.95 respectively. In conclusions, this study detected that bovine heamotropic mycoplasma was widely distributed in Nineveh province associated with several risk factors.

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Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia spp.) was detected in 132(70 Iranian,32 Turkish and 30 local breed)calves (10-14 months old) and 18 dairy cows of local breed (3-5 years old). Animals were brought to

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M ODIFIED buffy coat method (BCM) using microhematocrit tubes and acridine orange (AO) staining permitsquick(~10 min/sample) and accurate diagnosis of commonbovine hemoparasites compared to the light microscopy(LM) of Giemsa stained smears.Babesia, Theileria,Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Trypanosoma parasites were detected. It was easy to see Babesia merozoites, trypomastigotes and epimastigotes of Trypanosoma parasite. Similarly, fluorescent microscopy (FLM), offers a method for detecting low parasitemiathat are undetectable by light microscopy. Under LM, the agreement between the twodiagnostic techniquesusing Cohen's Kappa index was perfect for Trypanosoma (1.000), substantial for Anaplasma(0.615), moderate for Theileria, and Ehrlichia (0.459, 0.433 respectively). BCM was able to detect all positive cases (100%) of Babesia infections using LM and FLM. Modified buffy coat method usingdark field microscopy (DFM) is recommended as a fast and dependable tool to detect Babesiaand Trypanosomaparasites. BCMusing AO stain can be set up directlywitha low cost using anordinary LM.BCM is a valuable tool for diagnosinghemoparasitesmixed infection. Buffy coatmethodcan be used as an alternative technique for the dry stained smear for quickly screening of bovine blood samples.