Poly(vinyl chloride)/nanoclay nanocomposites-electrical and mechanical properties Summary-Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticizer were mixed with small amounts (1-10 phr) of a layered silicate nanoclay consisting of 83.3 % of montmorillonite and 16.7 % of kaolinite to obtain PVC-based nanocomposites. The thermalstability of obtained products was characterized by thermal analysis using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The electrical conductivity of these composites was studied as a function of temperature and it was found that the activation energy for this property is lower than that of the host polymer. The composites exhibit increased Young's modulus and decreased Shore A hardness.
Modified poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and its complexes were prepared with different solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene as well as potassium chloride (KCl) and copper chloride (CuCl 2 ). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and positron annihilation spectroscopy were used to investigate the properties of the modified P4VP and its complexes. It was concluded that complexes were formed between the polymer and solvents via quaternization of nitrogen in the ring with the solvents and also with KCl and CuCl 2 Á2H 2 O. Furthermore, the modified P4VP-CuCl 2 complexes were more stable than the modified P4VP-KCl complexes, and these complexes were more stable than the P4VP-solvent complexes. Ortho-positronium components (s 3 , I 3 ) were used to estimate the nanoscale free-volume hole size (V f ) and the free-volume fraction (f %). The free-volume hole size and its fractions depended on the addition of solvents and metals to the polymer.
ABSTRACT:The present investigation has been achieved in accordance with the Diels-Alder reaction (1,4 cycloaddition) to produce a new halogenated bicyclic adduct. orthoBromoallylbenzoate is a new dienophile that was prepared in a pure form, and its structure was confirmed. The DielsAlder syntheses of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and the new dienophile were studied to determine the optimum condensation reaction conditions under a temperature range of 90 -160°C, reaction times of 1-8 h, and molar diene/dienophile ratios from 1:1 to 5:1 as a consequence. The optimum conditions reached were a temperature of 140°C, an initial diene/dienophile molar ratio of 3:1, and a duration time of 6 h. The maximum stoichometric yield under these optimum conditions (82.5%) was obtained.
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