Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) on blood hematology, lipid profile and immunity status of growing rabbits. Methods: A total of 120, unsexed Alexandria line weaned rabbits, at 4 weeks of age were randomly divided into four groups (30 rabbits each). The first group was fed the control diet and the other groups (2-4) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 10, 20 or 30% MOL for 5 weeks of experimental period. Results: Data revealed that dietary supplementation with 20% MOL recorded the highest live body weight and increased hemoglobin and packed cell volume significantly at 9 weeks of age compared to other groups. Increasing Moringa levels resulted in a significant increase in white blood cells, lymphocytes, globulin and high density lipoprotein, total antioxidant capacity, Immunoglobulin G and M levels compared to control, but, total lipids, cholesterol, malondialdehyde and liver glycogen values decreased significantly. With 20% MOL thymus histology showed an outer cortex of small lymphocytes, heavily-stained densely-packed lymphocytes surrounding the inner marrow clear pale medulla in contrast with other groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 20% Moringa leaves may exert beneficial effects on lipid, antioxidant and immunity statuses properties of growing rabbits.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different levels of pomegranate peel powder (Punica grantum) supplemented diet on productive performance, protein profile, and carcass characters of broiler chicks. A total of 180 unsexed broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) at the age of seven-day-old chicks were randomly divided into five treatments (36 chicks each) divided into six replicates (each replicate of six chicks). The first group was fed the basal diet (control); while the 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 % pomegranate peel powder, respectively. Data revealed that treatment groups with supplemented different levels of pomegranate peel powder had greater productive performance, compared to the control group. All treatments with different levels of pomegranate peel powder increased total protein, globulin, RBCs, Hb, PCV, and WBCs ,while decreasing abdominal fat, AST, and ALT compared to the control group (within normal range). In conclusion, it can be considered that pomegranate peel powder supplementation in the diet improved the growth performance and physiological status of the broilers without any adverse effects on the blood parameters of broiler chicks.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different forms of Zinc oxide as bulk and nano particles supplemented diet on hematological profile, antioxidant status, liver and kidney functions of Alexandria chickens. A total of 150 females and 25 males of Alexandria chickens at an age of 32 weeks were randomly divided into five groups in each group 30 female and 5 male for 12 weeks. The first group served as control group. Birds of the 2 nd and 3 rd groups were fed basal diet containing 40 and 80 mg zinc oxide (Bulk shape, ZnO) per kg diet and the 4 th and 5 th groups were fed basal diet containing 40 and 80 mg zinc oxide (Nano shape, ZnO-NPs) per kg diet, respectively. The results indicated that Hb and MCHC were significantly increased with the dose of 40 mg/kg ZnO. Data obtained revealed that there is a significant effect of zinc oxide forms on antioxidant status. While, 80 mg/kg ZnO-NPs caused a significant increase on catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), but malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was the lowest with the dose of 80 mg/kg ZnO-NPs. Total protein and albumin were affected by zinc oxide forms, sex and the interaction between them, but globulin was not significantly affected. Also, zinc oxide forms supplementation had no significant effect on liver and kidney functions. Generally, it can be considered that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) at a dose of 80 mg/kg addition to Alexandria chickens' diet can enhance physiological and antioxidant statuses.

The present study was performed to evaluate the untraditional natural additives (Melittin and Thepax) as prospective alternatives to classical therapy treatment through studying their effects on productive performance, carcass characteristics, meat composition and economic efficiency of broiler chicks. A total of 810 one-day old chicks, were randomly distributed into nine experimental groups of 90 birds in three replicates. The experimental treatments were: T1= Control, T2= Melittin (83.3 µg/L), T3= Melittin (166.6 µg/L), T4= Thepax (0.25 g/kg), T5= Thepax (0.5 g/kg), T6= Melittin (83.3 µg/L) + Thepax (0.25 g/kg), T7= Melittin (166.6 µg/L) + Thepax (0.25 g/kg), T8= Melittin (83.3 µg/L) + Thepax (0.5 g/kg), T9= Melittin (166.6 µg/L) + Thepax (0.5 g/kg). The results revealed that the highest BW and BWG were achieved by birds of T6 and T7 (with 8.84, 7.97% and 9.05, 8.13% higher than the control group, respectively). Moreover, birds treated with the various combinations of Thepax and Melittin (T6, T7, T8, and T9) had significantly the best FCR values (with 10.38% improvement, on average, compared to the control group). The same previous groups had significantly the lowest mortality rates. Birds of T6 recorded the highest European production efficiency factor being 376.73. Additionally, broilers treated with various combinations of Melittin and Thepax had significantly the highest carcass weight with the lowest abdominal fat percentages. It could be observed also that birds treated with higher Melittin level (T3, T7 or T9 groups) had significantly the lowest breast protein percentages and the highest fat composition. Finally, broilers of T6 obtained the best economic efficiency value. In conclusion, supplementing broilers with 83.3 µg Melittin /L water + 0.25 g Thepax /kg feed could be used to replace the classical veterinary treatments, that provides beneficial effects on productive performance, health status, and carcass quality of broilers with improving the economic efficiency of broiler production.

The remediation of the oxamyl pesticide, applied, at a rate of 50 µg/gm soil and amended with different materials namely, Tergitol NP9 (nonionic surfactant), charcoal, lorandeat and iron fillings at rate of 300, 250, 250 and 300 Kg/Fadden, respectively, was investigated. The oxamyl residue levels in loamy sand was extracted at different time intervals after treatment based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) with methanol and then analyzed by HPLC. Only the peak corresponding to oxamyl was observed in the chromatogram and no intermediate metabolites could be detected. At the end of the experiment (21 days), the dissipation percentage of oxamyl reached about 88, 78, 73 and 72% in soil amended with NP-9, Fe, lorandeat and charcoal, respectively. The rate of disappearance was 2 times higher than in unamended-soil, while Fe, lorandeat and charcoal enhanced the dissipation rate by 1.77, 1.65 and 1.61 times, respectively. The disappearance rate constants and half-life values of the compound were obtained from the exponential decay equations. The decomposition of oxamyl in the control, charcoal and lorandeat followed the first order kinetics with t 1/2 of about 22.08, 13.8 and 13.2 days. On the other hand, a biphasic model was assumed to explore the disappearance of oxamyl in soil amended with NP-9 and Fe where the rate of disappearance in the first phase was faster than the second phase. This is clearly reflected in the half-life (t 0.5) values for the first and second phases, where the t 0.5 values of oxamyl ranged from 3.3 to 12.7 and 6.5 to 15.6 days, respectively. The results demonstrated that using NP-9, Fe, charcoal and lorandeat may offer an efficient remediation treatment for oxamyl-polluted soil.

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This work aimed to study the effects of selenium nanoparticles and nicotinamide in-ovo injection on hatchability and physiological traits of broiler chicks at hatch day. A total of 500 eggs from Arbor Acres breeder hens were weighed and distributed into five treatments with four replicates for each. At day 18 of incubation, eggs of the first group were non-injected and served as control, while the 2 nd group was injected with normal saline at 0.9 % (saline group). But, the 3 rd group was injected with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) (20 μg SeNPs/ egg) the 4 th group was injected with nicotinamide (NAM) (300 mM NAM/ egg) and the 5 th group was injected with their mixture (20 μg SeNPs plus 300 mM NAM/ egg). The results showed that chicks of saline and mixture in-ovo injection groups had higher significant weights at hatch compared to all other studied groups. In contrast, eggs of the in-ovo NAM injected group had higher hatch of fertile egg percentage values with insignificant differences with both control and mixture injected groups. The chicks of NAM and mixture in-ovo injected groups had significantly highest WBC values compared to all other studied treatments. The chicks of SeNPs, NAM, and mixture in-ovo injected groups have significantly higher low-density lipoprotein compared to control and saline groups. This suggested that the in-ovo injection with NAM and the mixture groups used in the present study had a considerably positive effect on hatchability percentage, chick weight, relative chick weight, white blood cell count, and blood glucose level and the activity of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In conclusion, injection of eggs in-ovo of broiler chicks with 300 mM nicotinamide/ egg and mixture between 20 μg SeNPs plus 300 mM NAM/ egg enhanced hatchability and some physiological traits for chicks.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a humic acid (HA)‐supplemented diet on productive performance and some physiological parameters of growing rabbits. A total of 80 weaned V‐line rabbits at an age of 4 weeks were randomly divided into four groups. Rabbits of groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed diet containing 35 (HA35), 70 (HA70) and 105 (HA105) mg Humic acid/kg diet while the first group served as control (HA0). Body weight gain was positively affected by HA treatment. HA105 rabbits had the improved feed conversion value. HA treatments had significantly reduced plasma cholesterol concentration and significant increased red blood cells, white blood cells count and plasma high‐density lipoprotein concentrations. However, serum aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase activities, creatinine and the apparent nutrients digestibility values were not affected by HA treatments. Organic matter digestibility of all HA‐treated groups significantly increased compared with HA0. At 63 days of age (after 35 days of treatment), caecum microbial counts decreased (total bacteria and Escherichia coli) with HA treatments. Generally HA could be considered as a biological as growth promoter feed additive alternative to antibiotics.