Introduction: Mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, and ineffective family coping, in children with lupus nephritis (LN) can increase the severity and affect the management of the disease, thus affecting the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Objective: Analyzing the association between levels of depression, anxiety, coping, disease activity on the QoL of pediatric patients with LN. Patients and Methods: There were 62 pediatric LN participants (16 participants in the induction phase and 46 participants in the maintenance phase). Participants were measured for anxiety, depression, coping, disease activity (systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index/SLEDAI), and QoL. The measurement results were compared between induction and maintenance groups. Analysis of the association between anxiety, depression, coping, and disease activity with the QoL of children with LN used a multiple logistic regression test with p <0.05. Results:: The measurement results obtained anxiety (induction = 69.06±3.92 and maintenance = 45.24±10.33; p <0.001), depression (induction = 69.88±3.34 and maintenance = 42.20±9.12; p <0.001), coping (induction = 99.88±12.93 and maintenance = 115.67±7.34; p <0.001), SLEDAI (induction = 15.81±12.58 and maintenance = 0.43±1.26; p <0.001), and QoL (induction = 49.92 ±12.44 and maintenance = 88.15±8.06; p <0.001).. Anxiety level in the induction group (p = 0.043) and maintenance group (p <0.001; p = 0.032; p = 0.008; p = 0.009). Depression level in the induction group (p = 0.031) and maintenance group (p = 0.024; p = 0.042; p = 0.003). SLEDAI score in the maintenance group (p = 0.003; p = 0.003). Coping in induction group (p = 0.016; p = 0.016) and maintenance group (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Mental health disorders reduce the QoL of LN children, and the level of QoL in induction phase is lower than maintenance phase.

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis allergy (CRA) is a disease that is commonly found in children and is mostly caused by allergy to house dust mites (HDM). The use of HDM immunotherapy can be considered in children with allergies. Objectives Analyzing the impact of mite immunotherapy on disease burden in Indonesian children with CRA. Methods A randomized control trial study was conducted to participants in 2 groups, namely the immunotherapy group (n = 25) and the non-immunotherapy group (n = 25). Participants were given HDM immunotherapy for 14 weeks, which was given once per week. Participants during therapy were evaluated for rhinosinusitis symptoms and measured their immunity status (specific IgE), sleep quality (SDSC), quality of life (SN5), and family coping (F-COPES) pre-post therapy. Statistical analysis used in this study included paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, independent t-test, or Mann Whitney test with p < 0.05. Results The value of specific IgE in the immunotherapy group was 4.12 ± 7.75 kU/l (pre-test) and 1.52 ± 2.42 kU/l (post-test; p < 0.001), while in the non-immunotherapy group was 1.47 ± 3.28 kU/l (pre-test) and 1.18 ± 2.81 kU/l (post-test; p = 0.317). The SDSC value in the immunotherapy group was 42.16 ± 2.75 (pre-test) and 30.32 ± 3.22 (post-test; p < 0.001), while in the non-immunotherapy group was 41.92 ± 2.75 (pre-test) and 41.84 ± 2.87 (post-test; p = 0.987). The F-COPES value in the immunotherapy group was 101.56 ± 5.78 (pre-test) and 105.20 ± 4.31 (post-test; p = 0.015), while in the non-immunotherapy group was 100.36 ± 9.63 (pre-test) and 99.96 ± 9.98 (post-test; p = 0.224). The SN-5 value in the immunotherapy group was 30.04 ± 2.78 (pre-test) and 11.00 ± 2.33 (post-test; p < 0.001), while in the non-immunotherapy group was 30.04 ± 2.78 (pre-test) and 30.04 ± 2.78 (post-test; p = 0.767). There was a significant comparison between the immunotherapy group and the non-immunotherapy group on the specific IgE ( p = 0.013), SDSC ( p < 0.001), and SN-5 ( p < 0.001) values. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the F-COPES value ( p = 0.129). Conclusions The administration of HDM immunotherapy can improve the participant's immunity, quality of life, and sleep disorder.

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Background: Treatment of children with HIV infection has increased rapidly by increasing the life span of HIV patients from baby to adult. Improving the quality-of-life (QoL) in children living with HIV is a priority of HIV management in children and caregivers of children living with HIV have important roles. Caregiver stigma, caregiver burden, and caregiver coping affect caregivers in treating children living with HIV. Objective: Analyzing the association of caregiver stigma, caregiver burden, and caregiver coping on QoL of Indonesian children living with HIV. Methods: Participants in this study were caregivers of Indonesian children living with HIV. Participants were measured for caregiver stigma, caregiver burden, caregiver coping, and QoL of Indonesian children living with HIV. The instrument used in measuring caregiver stigma was people living with HIV/AIDS and caregiver questionnaire, caregiver burden used Zarit Burden questionnaire, caregiver coping used F-COPES questionnaire, and QoL used PedsQL for children aged 2-18 years old. Measurement data were analyzed using logistic regression and independent t tests with P<0.05. Results: Indonesian children living with HIV in this study had an average age of 7.7±3.68 years and average participant age of 40.2±11.26 years. All participants stated that Indonesian children living with HIV tend to keep their health status confidential. Most QoL of Indonesian children living with HIV was good (71.7%), caregiver stigma value was 21.7±2.06, and caregiver burden level was moderate, of 50.9%. However, there was no significant association between caregiver stigma (β=0.064; P=0.548) and burden level (β=0.058; P=0.593) on QoL. On the other hand, caregiver coping value was 77.2±7.30, and there was a significant association of caregiver coping on QoL (β=−0.196; P=0.049). Conclusion: There is an association of caregiver coping on QoL of Indonesian children living with HIV, in which the higher the caregiver coping, the lower the QoL. Meanwhile, there is no significant association of caregiver stigma and burden on QoL of Indonesian children living with HIV.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, highly pruritic skin condition that develops in early childhood. Sleep problems are common in AD children and lead to impaired quality of life, disturbance of neurocognitive function and behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep problems in 0-36 months old Indonesian children with AD. Children aged 0-36 months were enrolled, divided into two groups, AD and control. Sleep problems and AD were assessed using Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) and Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD). Chi-square test was performed to compare the outcome. There were 35 children participating in each group. In children with sleep problems, 85.7% were diagnosed with AD and 11.4% were non-AD. Nocturnal sleep duration, night waking, nocturnal wakefulness, sleep onset time, method of falling asleep and parental consideration of sleep problems occur more often within AD group. Severity of AD also significantly contributes to sleep problems in AD group. In conclusion, this study showed that sleep problems are more prevalent in children with AD.

Background Food allergy in children affects nutritional status that limits their daily activities to prevent eating various foods to avoid allergic reactions. Objective Analyzing the relationship between nutritional status and daily activities in children with food allergies. Methods This study used a cross-sectional design that was carried out on children diagnosed with food allergies who underwent outpatient management of food allergies. The data were collected from January to May 2021 that included participant characteristics, nutritional status, and daily activities. Data analysis used Chi-Square and spearman rho test with p < 0.05. Results There was a significant relationship between age and FAIS (CI 1.83–4.24; p = 0.025). In addition, there was no significant relationship between the affected organs and FAIS (OR = 0.174; p = 0.052). Meanwhile, the relationship between nutritional status and FAIS was significant (OR = 0.161; p = 0.007). There was no significant relationship between parental education and FAIS (OR = 0.817; p = 0.776) as well as sex of the child and FAIS (OR = 0.982; p = 0.977). Conclusion Daily activities of children with food allergies are influenced by the nutritional status of children and children's age in choosing food.

Background Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has changed human immunodeficiency virus infections and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) into chronic medical conditions. These conditions affect the quality of life of Indonesian children with HIV/AIDS. The aimed was analyzing the influence of ARV usage, caregiver stigma, caregiver burden, and caregiver coping on the quality of life of Indonesian children with HIV/AIDS. Methods Participants in this study were caregiver for Indonesian children with HIV/AIDS. This study measured ARV usage, caregiver stigma, caregiver burden, caregiver coping, and quality of life in Indonesian children with HIV/AIDS. Measurement data were analyzed using logistic regression test and ANOVA, test with p < 0.05. Results HIV/AIDS Indonesian children aged 7.7 ± 3.68 years, with an average participant age of 40.2 ± 11.26 years. Most participants were biological parents of Indonesian children with HIV/AIDS (64.2%) and female (56.6%). Participants stated that all Indonesian children with HIV/AIDS tend to keep their health status confidential. Most HIV/AIDS Indonesian children regularly used ARV (83.0%) and had a good quality of life (71.7%; β = 0.683; p < 0.001). Caregiver stigma value was 21.7 ± 2.06, with a median value of 22 (15–26; β = 0.064; p = 0.548). Participants had moderate and mild caregiver burden, with percentage of 50.9% and 49.1%, respectively (β = 0.058; p = 0.593). Caregiver coping value was 77.2 ± 7.30 (β = -0.196; p = 0.049). Conclusions There is an influence of the use of ARV drugs and caregiver coping with the quality of life of Indonesian children with HIV/AIDS. Regular ARV use improves quality of life, while the higher the caregiver coping, the lower the quality of life.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common chronic disease in children. Allergic symptoms affect daily activities and increase risk of psychosocial emotion and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Immunotherapy has been proven in improving AR symptoms Objective: To identify prevalence of the risk of psychosocial emotion disorder and ADHD and its relation with immunotherapy duration in AR children. Methods:A cross-sectional study was held in AR children aged 4-18 years at Allergy Immunology Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, during March 2017. Immunotherapy duration categorized into 0-6 months, 6 months-1 year, 1-2 years, 2-3 years. Psychosocial emotion disorder risk assessed using Pediatric Symptoms Checklist 17 (PSC-17), scored into four different subscales: Internalizing, Externalizing, Attention, and Total Score. ADHD risk was assessed using Abbreviated Conner's Rating Scale (ACRS). Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA and Eta test, with a value of p< 0.05 considered as significant.Results: Total of 37 children included. Based on immunotherapy duration 0-6 months, 6 months-1 year, 1-2 years, and 2-3 years, prevalence risk of ADHD are 20.6%, 15.4%, 12.5%, and 12.5%, and prevalence of psychosocial emotion disorder risk are only in immunotherapy duration 6 months-1 year 12.5%. There were no correlation between immunotherapy duration with risk of psychosocial emotion disorder (p = 0.945) and significantly correlated to ADHD (p = 0.049, r = 0.326). Conclusion:Prevalence risk of ADHD decrease as the immunotherapy duration increase and immunotherapy duration weakly correlated with risk of ADHD.