In this paper, the contemporary development in multiple input dc-dc converters are identified and examined. The quest to mitigate the difficulties associated with employing renewables in distribution systems and electric vehicles (EVs) has yielded many new converter topologies. These new topologies have easier control, lower parts count, are cheaper and are worthy alternatives to the typical series or parallel connection of converters. The converters are identified by three divisions that bother on the isolation between the respective ports. The electrically connected converters do not have isolation between the ports, and thus, a dc link connects the ports. Electromagnetically connected converters use a dc-link to connect input ports, but the input ports and output port are isolated. In magnetically connected converters, input ports are separated by multiple winding transformer, just as the output port is isolated from the input ports by the winding. The formation, structure, characteristics, operation, merits and demerits of the converters will be presented. Thereafter, comparisons will be done based on the distinct features of the converters. This review identifies that converter properties depend on the specific application requirement and thus, no converter fulfills all demands in the industry. Prospective future research trends are suggested. This work aims to update on research done during the time gap since the last comprehensive reviews.
Developing countries need to make use of sufficient potential of PV power sources to cover the incremental demand of energy security. Though the PV-diesel microgrid system involving maximum supervising action as well as without having energy storage system can afford the continual power supply in the unelectrified rural area, it may not be circumstantially companionable because of the dependence on fossil-fuels and total dispatched energy cost [1][2]. Moreover, an individual PV system is an incomplete basis of electricity supplier due to the power instability produced by unpredictable solar irradiance and atmospheric temperature. Hence, MPPT is used commonly with PV solar systems to maximize power extraction from PV supply. Reference [3] presented an exhaustive literature review on on-line and off-line procedures for PV MPPT system. Reference [4] evaluated the application of Incremental Conductance, Perturb & Observe (P&O) MPPT procedure depending of European Efficiency Test EN 50530 that was specially contrived for Abstract: One of the major challenges for battery energy stowage system is to design a supervisory controller which can yield high energy concentration, reduced self-discharge rate and prolong the battery lifetime. A regulatory PV-Battery Management System (BMS) based State of Charge (SOC) estimation is presented in this paper that optimally addresses the issues. The proposed control algorithm estimates SOC by Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) scheme and utilizes the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) scheme of the solar panels to take decision for charging, discharging or islanding mode of the Lead-Acid battery bank. A case study (SOC estimation) is demonstrated as well to depict the efficiency (Error 0.082%) of the proposed model using real time data. The numerical simulation structured through real-time information concedes that the projected control mechanism is robust and accomplishes several objectives of integrated PV-BMS for instance avoiding overcharging and deep discharging manner under different solar radiations.
This paper describes the design of a 400 V, three-phase voltage source inverter system using Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) control technique. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is an internal control technique for inverters. The Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique is the type of PWM used in this work. The aim is to reduce the harmonic produced by the inverter. Current standards require that total harmonic distortion (THD) be minimal. A three-phase SPWM signal is implemented in order to create an output voltage which is closer to a true sine wave and reduce harmonics. The development and model were implemented using MATLAB Simulink soft-ware and hardware parameters. The addition of a low pass filter circuit aids the achievement of smoother sine waveforms and a reduced THD value of 0.17%. The proposed concept has been validated through experimentally on a laboratory prototype by using DSP TMS320F28335 real-time digital control. The experimental outcomes emphasize the authenticity of the suggested technique in reducing harmonics, which can be promising to power quality improvement.
The difficulties faced in the extension of conventional grid electricity to remote locations elicit increased application of renewable energy (RE) sources in such locations. In locations that are in proximity to rivers or streams, microhydro hybrid RE systems (HRES) are employed. Similarly, hybrid photovoltaic (PV) /battery configurations exist. Unfortunately, micro-hydro turbines require a minimum height/head and expensive civil works during installation. Hydrokinetic turbines (HKTs) eliminate the height/head requirement and greatly reduce necessary civil work by generating electricity using the kinetic energy of water flow in a river or stream. This study used a software, Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER), to simulate and obtain the optimal size and configuration of a hybrid PV/HKT/Battery storage system for Kampung Git in East Malaysia. Techno-economic comparison of the system is done with a PV/Battery and a standalone diesel generator (DG) system. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the total net present cost (NPC) are the primary indices used for comparison purposes. The optimal configuration from simulations has 89.9 kWp of PV, two 3.5 kW HKTs and 132 kWh of battery storage. Also, economic results obtained indicate that the LCOE of 1.21 RM/kWh and NPC of RM 1,431,000 for the PV-HKT-battery configuration bested those for the PV-battery and standalone DG systems by 165 % and 27 % respectively. This optimal configuration is more environmentally friendly and highlights the role of the HKT in reducing battery usage and wear in addition to achieving lower LCOE and NPC values. Keywords-hybrid system; HOMER; renewable energy, cost of energy (COE); net present cost (NPC); hydrokinetic turbine (HKT).
In this paper, the proposed single boost converter aims to harness more than one renewable energy (RE) input source and achieve a high voltage gain. The interleaved technique combined with voltage multiplier (VM) cells, reduced inductor current and attained high voltage transfer ratio. The boost converter possesses two unidirectional input ports and a bidirectional input port that is connected to a battery storage. The duty ratios of the power and interleaving switches are used to regulate the output voltage of the proposed converter. Three operation modes are identified, and steady state analyses of the converter are presented and discussed. The converter can store excess energy in the battery during periods of abundance and deliver power to the loads when the RE sources are low or unavailable. In addition, the output voltage is higher than that of the conventional boost converter. The converter delivered 278 V from 12 V and 24 V dual input sources. The converter operation is simulated and verified using MATLAB/Simulink.
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