The primary objective of this study was to determine the aetiology of bovine mastitis in ten herds of Holstein Friesian cow in Jordan, the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in dairy cows and their resistance to selected antimicrobial agents. Milk samples were collected from 220 lactating cows to determine the clinical and subclinical mastitis by white side test and confirmed by cultural tests. It was found that 138 quarters 15.7% had been diagnosed as clinical mastitis with definite gross pathological lesions and change in udder secretion, in addition to that 276 quarters 31.4% showed subclinical mastitis. The incidence of mastitis was found to be increased in older cows. Staphylococcus aurous was considered to be the most common cause of both clinical and subclinical mastitis and followed by coli forms, streptococcus spp., corynebacterium spp., proteus spp. and pseudomonas spp. Sensitivity tests was applied to different isolated strains using tertracycline, ampicillin, neomycin, erythromycin, penicillin G and sulphamethoxazol trimethoprim.
Problem statement: This study was conducted to describe & report for the first time outbreaks of natural C.pseudotuberculosis infection in adult camel herds (Camelus dromedarius) in Jordan. An infectious disease syndrome was reported in three camel herds (Camelus dromedarius) intensively raised at south province in Jordan. Approach: The herds included over 160 adult camels out of which about 8% were affected with multiple muscle and subcutaneous abscesses at various sites of the body. The camels were also heavily infested with ticks. Results: The infected camels did not respond favorably to several broad spectrum antibiotics. Post-mortem examination of 5 carcasses revealed emaciation and presence of external and internal multiple abscesses particularly in the lungs. The abscesses were encapsulated by fibrous tissue and contained creamy yellowish white pus. The lymph nodes were slightly congested and swollen. Conclusion: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis type I strain or biovar ovis (the known cause of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep) was isolated from pus, lymph nodes, ticks, milk, blood and liver samples. The clinical symptoms, nature and distribution of lesions of caseous lymphadenitis in camels are not as typical as in sheep. Recommendations for pseudotuberculosis control were given.
The primary objective of this study was to establish data on mastitis in Awassi Sheep in Al-Balqa Province of Jordan. Milk samples were collected from 260 lactating ewes that selected randomly from eight flocks. California Mastitis Test (CMT) gave result with 220 milk samples; 122 samples (55.5%) showed positive CMT. Infection with some bacterial species was associated with positive CMT. About 26% of the ewes revealed clinical signs of mastitis. The highest percentage of bacterial count, which range from 3×10 2 to <3.0 10 3 cfu mL −1 was founded in the milk samples. The most predominant bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp. and Coagulase negative Staphylococci. Sensitivity tests were applied to different isolated strains., Gentamycim, Ampicillin and Tetracycline were the most effective antimicrobial agents against the bacterial isolates.
This communication describes outbreaks of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C.p.) infection in two herds of camels (Camelus dromedarius) for the first time in Saudi Arabia. The herds consisted of about 2,500 adult local and imported camels. Over a period of four months about 15% developed numerous muscular and subcutaneous abscesses particularly on the hind-quarters, shoulders, at the base of the neck and tail, under the jaw and on the joints. Both herds were heavily infested with ticks of Hyalomma species. The affected camels did not respond favourably to antibiotics.Post-mortem examination of eight camels revealed emaciation and presence of multiple external and internal abscesses particularly in the lungs and liver. The body lymph nodes were slightly enlarged and congested but without abscess formation. The abscesses contained odourless, non-granular and non-calcified thin creamy yellowish white pus.
Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of most cases of gastritis. There is no established gold standard for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. A reliable diagnosis is crucial to confirm that eradication therapy has been successful. Eighty gastric biopsy and blood samples were obtained from fasting Jordanian patients with Esophago-Gastro-Doudenoscopy (EGD). Several diagnosis tests for H. pylori infections were used and compared including: Culture, microscopic examination, histopathology, Rapid Urease Test (RUT), serology, biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility test and molecular method. Forty two patients were considered H. pylori positive in both histopathology examination and RUT test. On the other hand, 57 patient were detected to have anti-IgA, IgG H. pylori antibody positive by ELISA test. Ten patients had equivocal results but not in both tests. A total of 19 biopsy samples were positive for H. pylori according to culture test. This result was confirmed by endoscopic examination, urease, catalase and oxidase. A high percentages of resistance to vancomycin, polymyxin B and amoxicillin was observed (100, 100 and 94.7%, respectively) with various degree of sensitivity to all of the first line of antibiotics. Molecular technique (PCR) was used to detect CagA gene which appeared positive in 14 patients. We conclude that the histopathology and RUT tests are reliable invasive diagnosis for H. pylori. However, culture test appear to be the most important (if the therapy failed) to detect antibiotic susceptibility to H. pylori strains.
To study the effects of dietary iron source (basal diet-FeSO4 x 7H2O, liver, lentil, spinach, liver + lentil, liver+spinach and lentil+spinach) on iron bioavailability, fifty-six Albino Sprague Dawley derived male 21 days old rats were fed on iron-deficient diet (7.8 mg Fe kg(-1) diet) and the mentioned seven iron containing diets (40 mg Fe kg(-1) diet) for 10 days. Rats fed liver diet showed higher iron apparent absorption (52.1%), hemoglobin (Hb) gain (0.94 g/100 mL), Hb-iron gain (1.2 mg), Hb-regeneration efficiency (HRE%) (50.8%), relative efficiency of HRE% (106.5%), packed cell volume gain (2.22%) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (0.64 g dL(-1)). Liver resulted in an increase in these parameters when mixed with lentil and spinach diets. However, rats fed iron free diet showed the higher dry matter absorption.
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