The current study deals with the detailed morphology investigation of eight Cypsela species belonging to tribe Cichoreae. The different Cypsela types were described, explained, compared, and their taxonomic significance is discussed in detail. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to highlight quantitative and qualitative characters of underestudied species. Cypsela exhibit great diversity in macro and micromorphological features such as shape, color, length, width, anticlinal and periclinal wall patterns, surface patterns, epicuticular projections. Majority of Cypsela species were brownish in color and their size ranges from 2.16 to 3.98 mm in length and 1.16 to 0.82 mm in breadth. A great diversity in Cypsela shapes like oblanceolate to obovate, obovoid to cylindrical, obvate, narrowly lanceolate were observed. Most of the platelets having epicuticular projections were observed. The surface pattern on the cypsela surface varied from rugose papillate, verrucose papillate, and striated. On the basis of considerable variations observed, the present study can assist as useful constraints at various taxonomic levels. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive description of the Cypsela morphology and to determine the extent to which these micro morphological data can be used as a taxonomic character to delineate various taxa belonging to the tribe Cichoreae.

This study aims to experimentally and theoretically examine the plant Aethionema sancakense, which was determined as a new species and whose essential oil and fatty acid compositions were characterized by GC/GC-MS technique. Linoleic acid (23.1%), α-humulene (19.8%), camphene (13.9%), and heptanal (9.7%) were found to be the major essential oil components of A. sancakense aerial part structures. The quantum chemical calculations of these four molecules that are very important to this plant were performed using the density functional method (DFT)/B3LYP with the 6-31 G (d, p) basis set in the ground state for the gas phase. The molecular structures, HOMO-LUMO energies, electronic properties, Fukui functions, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surfaces of the major constituents of Aethionema sancakense essential oil were calculated and interpreted. Finally, the RDG-NCI analysis of these molecules was performed to determine the non-covalent interactions present within the molecules.

Türkiye'den Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda'nın Uçucu Yağ Bileşimi Research Article G. Doğan et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2015, 43 (4), 259-265 Gülden Doğan*, Azize Demirpolat and Eyüp Bağcı Firat University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Elazıg, Turkey.Ö Z E T B u çalışmada Türkiye'de yetişen Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda türünün su damıtma yöntemi ile toprak üstü kısımlarından elde edilen uçucu yağları GC ve GC-MS'de analiz edilmiştir. Toplam yağın %90.7'sinde 57 bileşen belirlenmiştir. Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda'nın uçucu yağının içerdiği bu bileşenlerden b-karyofillen (%21.8), nerolidol (10.8 %), azulen (%9.5), borneol (%5.5), linalool (%4.3) ve siklopentadekan (%4.2) büyük bileşenlerdir. Uçucu yağ çalışmaları Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda için b-karyofillen/ nerolidol ve azulen kemotip olduğunu göstermiştir. Anahtar KelimelerAnthemis, uçucu yağ, b-karyofillen, nerolidol, azulen. A B S T R A C TI n this study, hydro distilled essential oils derived from the aerial parts of Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda (Asteraceae) grown in Turkey were analysed by GC and GC-MS system. Fifty seven components were identified representing 90.7% of the oils. It was determined that Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda essential oil contained b-caryophyllene (21.8%), nerolidol (10.8%), azulene (9.5%), borneol (5.5%), linalool (4.3%) and cyclopentadecane (4.2%) as major compounds. Essential oil analysis of the Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda has shown that it has b-caryophyllene/nerolidol and azulene chemotype.

B u çalışmada, Türkiye için endemik Salvia cryptantha'nın Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham uçucu yağ kompozisyonu analiz edildi. Bu türün nicel ve nitel uçucu yağ içeriği belirlendi ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldı. Uçucu yağın kimyasal kompozisyonu su damıtımı yardımıyla belirlendi ve GC/GC-MS kullanılarak incelendi. Uçucu yağ verimi 0.4% (v/w)'dir. Salvia cryptantha'tadan 63 bileşenin elde edilen toplam uçucu yağın %98.7'sini oluşturduğu görüldü. Salvia cryptantha'da temel bileşenler 1.8-sineol (%21), kafur (%19.1), α-pinen (%12.5) ve kamfen (%8.7) olarak belirlendi.

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n this study, the essential oil composition of Salvia cryptantha Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham from Turkey. The qualitative and quantitative essential oil contents of the this species was determined and compared with each other. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of Salvia cryptantha was investigated by GC and GC-MS. The essential oils yield is 0.4 (v/w). Sixty three constituents were comprised the 98.7% of the total essential oil extracted from the Salvia cryptantha. The predominant compounds of Salvia cryptantha were determined as 1.8-cineole (21%), camphor (19.1%), α-pinene (12.5%), camphene (8.7%).

The aim of the study was to visualize the micromorphology of Amaranthaceous pollen using scanning electron microscopy collected from the Thal Desert. Field collection was conducted from July to September 2021. A total of 14 taxa of the family Amaranthaceae were collected which belong to nine genera. Achyranthes aspera, Aerva javanica, Aerva lanata, Amaranthus graecizans, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus viridis, Bassia indica, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Chenopodium murale, Digera muricata, Haloxylon stocksii, Salsola tragus, and Suaeda fruticosa were studied in terms of pollen morphotypes. Pollen were acetolyzed and observed under optical and scanning microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative characters were measured to analyze the pollen to uncover its taxonomic significance. Qualitative characters observed were the shape of pollen in polar and equatorial views; the most frequent shape observed was spheroidal in the polar view, whereas in the equatorial view, prolate spheroidal was the dominant shape. Exine ornamentation is the key characteristic of pollen which is very helpful, and eight different types of ornamentations were observed in collected taxa: smooth sparsely granulate, scabrate-spinulose, microspinulose perforate, microechinate scabrate to metareticulate, granulate, nanospinulate, granulate-spinulose perforate, granulate-perforate echinate, and microechinate perforate. Periporate-type aperture was observed among all taxa. Mesoporia, ektexinous bodies, and tectum features also show variations among Amaranthaceous grains. In quantitative character, A. retroflexus recorded highest in polar view 26.3 μm and the lowest was of C. album 12.2 μm. Highest P/E index ratio was recorded in S. fruticosa (1.12) whereas the lowest for D. muricta (0.94). Exine thickness was highest in S. tragus 2.15 μm and lowest in A. graecizans 0.78 μm. The maximum number of pores was recorded as 32-36 in D. muricata. Artificial taxonomic keys were constructed based on findings that reinforce the importance of the micromorphological ultrastructural diversity of pollen among Amaranthaceous taxa. It was concluded that the descriptions of pollen morphotypes presented greatly contribute to our understanding of desert species identification.

Salvia is the largest and the most important genus of the family Lamiaceae. It includes nearly 900 species spread throughout the world 1. This genus is represented in Turkey by 89 species and altogether 94 taxa, 45 of which are endemic in Turkey 2,3. Since the last revision of the genus, four new species have been described from Turkey i.e., Salvia nydeggeri Hub.-Mor. 4 , Salvia aytachii Vural & Adigüzel 5 , Salvia hedgeana Donmez 6 and Salvia anatolica Hamzaoglu & A. Duran 7. Plants belonging to this genus are known for their many biological activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anxiolytic, sedative and antiinflammatory activities 8-10 which could partly explain reasons why this plant is so beneficial in the treatment of many human diseases. Many Salvia species and/or their essential oils are commonly used in the food, drug, cosmetic and perfumery industries. They are well known among people and widely used as flavourings or fragrance and for medicinal purposes in the several regions of the world 11-13. S. syriaca is used as animal food 14,15. They are used for alimentary, pharmacological and cosmetic purposes 16,17. Salvia species have been used in folk medicine for wound healing and in alleviating stomach, liver and rheumatism pains and for treating the common cold in the form of infusion and decoction in various parts of the world 18,19. Two species are represented in different groups within Salvia genus in Flora of Turkey. S. russellii is represented in Essential Oil Composition of Aerial Parts of Two Salvia L. (S. russellii Bentham and S. bracteata Banks & Sol.) Species GÜLDEN DOGAN, AZIZE DEMIRPOLAT and EYUP BAGCI