Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume that is attacked by the fungal pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii, responsible for collar rot disease. In the present study, the pathogen was isolated from diseased chickpea seedlings and identified on molecular basis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin markers. To control this pathogen, an in vivo study was carried out, using Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) leaf dry biomass (1, 2, and 3%) as soil amendment. A broad-spectrum fungicide mancozeb was selected as a reference and the data regarding plant growth and mortality rates were calculated. In positive control, the highest seedling mortality (56%) was recorded in comparison to negative control (0%) after 30 days of sowing. In 1, 2, and 3% concentrations of A. indica dry leaf biomass, the seedling mortalities were 49, 38, and 38%, respectively. On the other hand, the mancozebtreated seedlings showed the lowest plant mortality rate (28%). Soil treatments with mancozeb as well as with 1 and 2% leaf biomass concentrations showed marked differences in root and shoot dry biomasses over positive control. In a laboratory bioassay, methanolic leaf extract of Neem of 0.5 to 3.5% concentrations reduced biomass of S. rolfsii by 86-90% over control. The present study concluded that 2% A. indica leaf amendment was the most useful concentration for management of collar rot disease of chickpea.
Background: Microorganisms are an important factor in solubility of nutrition minerals; phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) considered one of the main sources of sustainability of agriculture production systems. Some fungi are well known for their natural capability to produce various organic acids, due to the lowering pH in the soil. The study amid to isolate PSF from rhizosphere soil and some plant residue and identify its secrenning compound using GC-MS analysis.
Methods: in laboratory investigation during 2016, isolates of PSF and check their solubilizing activities using selective artificial media PVK and NBRIP in soild and broth form. The secrening of secondary organic compound in broth culture extracted and identify using GC-MS analysis. Result: the results inventory six isolates, among these isolates Aspergillus niger AD-A2 and AG-B1 were Distinguished by formed halo-clear zones around their colonies as a result of their phosphate-solubilizing ability in soild PVK and NBRIP media. pH decrese of the final product of PSF isolate in broth medium. Various compounds formed by submerged fermentation of A. niger isolates were 1,3-dioxan-5-ol (96.47%); octanoic acid, 4-chlorobenzyl ester (0.14%); 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (0.58%); Crotonic acid (2.64%); 2-Propanone, 1,1-diethoxy (0.18%); 2-Butanone, 4-hydroxy (13.11%); 1-Tetrazol-2-ylethanone (86.4%); Propanethioamide (0.49%); Acetic acid, ethyl ester; Acetidin (100%); Methylolacetone (100%) and Trichoderma hamatum (T-113) were identified: Ethane, 1,1-diethoxy (100%) and 2-Butanone, 4-hydroxy-(100%).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.