An epidemiological study was executed to determine the prevalence of common diseases in camels of Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Starting from Fort Abbas to Rahim Yar Khan, the survey was carried out from May 2010 to April 2011. Epidemiological data was collected from the camel herds of Cholistan (Locally called as Tobbas) and analyzed to interpret current scenario of camel diseases. The overall prevalence of all diseases in camels was 15.8%. The prevalence of trypanosomiasis, pneumonia, mange, and anthrax in camels was recorded as 5.39%, 5.49%, 3.14% and 1.80%, respectively. Considering this baseline information, strategic disease control measures should be develop to combat infectious, parasitic and miscellaneous diseases especially Surra, pneumonia, mange and anthrax. All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers
Abstract. This paper reports on a technique of using
In this research work a high quality factor cylindrical dielectric resonator is used to determine the dielectric properties of powder mixtures. The setup is based on resonant perturbation theory and it has a potential to quickly and accurately characterize samples in quantities as small as a tens of milligrams. The loaded quality factor of the proposed dielectric resonator is 19,217, which is operated in TM01δ mode at 10.57 GHz. The measured results are compared with the calculated values obtained from different mixing models. The worst case measured dielectric constant error of 9.4% and 9.95% has been observed for mixtures of boric acid – titanium dioxide and baking soda – titanium dioxide respectively with variable concentrations of weight. The proposed technique is suitable to be deployed in industries in order to rapidly assess the mixture concentration before subjected to the detail investigation.
“Breast cancer” is of the leading malignant type of neoplasia responsible for causing high rate of mortality and morbidity. There are many risk factors of “breast cancer” but “obesity” and increased weight have been recognised as the principal risk factors as well as the prognostic factors causing “breast cancer” especially in “postmenopausal” female. “obesity” possess the complex association with “breast cancer” which varies in menopause status (“premenopausal” and “postmenopausal”) women. There are various hypotheses which have been proposed to demonstrate the interaction among “obesity” and high risks of “breast cancer” in “postmenopausal” females. The specific “obesity”-associated factors”, such as leptin, insulin, and inflammatory mediators, are also involved in influencing the progression of “breast cancer” and its prognosis independent of the estrogen level and show their effects at a cellular level by interacting with estrogen signalling pathways. The adiposity level of before the menopause, is inversely interrelated to “breast cancer” risk, exhibiting the protective effect, however in “postmenopausal” females, predominantly in elderly women, the association is positively related to cancer, indicating “obesity” as a risk factor of “breast cancer”. There is found a positive association of higher levels of estrogen production in adipose tissue, consequently resulting in elevated levels of estradiol in systematic circulation, promoting “obesity” related breast carcinogenesis in in “postmenopausal” women. The expression of tumors also effect both progesterone and estrogen receptors. It can be concluded that relation of adiposity and menopausal status is protective effect in younger females (<35 years), before the menopause and negative effects promoting the cancer in older “postmenopausal” women. Therefore, the body composition and “obesity” are highest risk factors for the prognosis of “postmenopausal” breast carcinoma.
This paper proposes a concept of dielectric characterization of low-volume liquid samples using the coupling coefficient of filters. The concept is validated through a two-pole substrate integrated waveguide filter in which the liquid under test is mounted on the coupling section between the two resonators. Unlike the conventional resonator perturbation method reported many times in the literature, this technique uses the coupling coefficient for sensing. The liquid sample is collected in a capillary tube and carefully positioned on the coupling section of the filter; the coupling coefficient of the two resonators varies compared to the relative permittivity of the sample; thus, an empirical model is established. The proposed sensor has been tested to compute the permittivity of different alcohols. Binary solutions of ethanol and water have also been characterized to calculate the volume ratio and relative permittivity as a proof-of-concept. The obtained results show that the proposed sensing technique is capable of characterizing a low quantity of liquids (≈44 µL) with good accuracy, and a worst case measured error of only 6.8% is noted. The ease of integration with other circuitry, low cost, reusability with no deterioration, and adaptability of the proposed sensor makes it a suitable choice for the chemical as well as for the pharmaceutical industry.
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