BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is the second cause of cancer-related death among women. Prevention programs insist on the early diagnosis and screening to reduce the mortality rate.AIM:The study was conducted to determine the predictors of breast cancer screening behaviours based on the health belief model.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The present cross-sectional study was conducted by involving 304 women ranging from 20 to 65 years of age, living in East Guilan cities, the North of Iran, in 2015 using two-stage cluster sampling. The research instrument was Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale. The data were analysed based on Regression test by using SPSS software version 18.RESULTS:The results showed perceived benefits (ExpB = 1.118, p = 0.009), self-efficacy (ExpB = 1.122, p = 0.001) and the perceived barriers (ExpB = 0.851, p = 0.001) as the predictors of breast self-examination. In addition, the study revealed that the two components of perceived benefits (ExpB = 1.202), and the perceived barriers were the predictors of mammography (ExpB = 0.864) (p = 0.001). None of the health belief model components showed a role to predict clinical breast examination (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:The present study highlights the need for educational programs, which should focus on increasing breast self-exam skills and understanding the benefits of healthy behaviours and eliminating their barriers.
Background:In most countries, one of the main reasons for developing more advanced roles for nurses is to improve access to care in the context of limited number of doctors. It is considered that the introduction of major policy initiatives, such as nurse prescribing, requires high-level discussion and policy development to ensure successful implementation. This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators of nurse prescribing based on policymakers' views in Iran.Materials and Methods:This qualitative study was based on conventional content analysis approach. A purposeful sample of 14 participants were recruited, including 6 members of the Nursing Board, 6 members of the Iranian Nursing Organization, and 2 senior employees of Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim.Results:The four emerged categories as facilitators of nurse prescribing were labeled “positive views of health policymakers,” “human resources capabilities,” “non-medical prescribing experiences,” and “governmental and non-governmental organizational activities.” The four extracted categories as barriers of nurse prescribing were “socio-cultural factors,” “organizational factors,” “educational barriers,” and “human barriers.”Conclusions:Barriers and facilitating factors should be considered in order to bring about organizational policy changes and improve perspectives. Nurse prescribing requires the efforts of involved managers and authorities for development and modernization. The results of this study can serve as a compressed resource for policymakers and managers to identify the effective issues on nurse prescribing and can help them to plan for the implementation of nurse prescribing.
BACKGROUND: One of the main psychological problems in hemodialysis patients is hopelessness. Spiritual health leads the patients toward hope and goal in life. Given the importance of the issue and the little research in this area, this study aimed to assess hope and its relationship with spiritual health on hemodialysis patients in Rasht Razi Hospital of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This correlational study carried out on 103 patients who admitted in Rasht Razi Hospital Hemodialysis Center by simple random sampling. The data were collected through Snyder's Hope Scale and Spiritual Health. The psychomotricity of these questionnaires has been confirmed in domestic studies. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient). RESULTS: The majority of the patients were male (59.2%), in the age group of above 60 (46.60%), married (83.5%), with low income (60.2%), and under diploma (53.4%). The mean of hope score was 36.36 (±9.10) that showed the high level of hope in the majority of the patients. The mean of the total spiritual health score was 227.93 (±19.01) that indicates the high level of spiritual health in hemodialysis patients. There was a positive and significant correlation between spiritual health and its dimensions and hope ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study approve the importance of spiritual health as an effective variable on hope among hemodialysis patients. Hence, health-care providers and clinical experts are recommended to focus on spiritual health to increase hope among such patients.
Background: Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Low level of health literacy is more common in people with hypertension. Evidence suggests that hypertension is preventable and can be controlled by modifying lifestyle and improving self-care behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in older adults with hypertension. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted with 150 older adult patients with hypertension admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) and post-CCU wards in East Guilan public hospitals in the north of Iran in 2020. Sampling was conducted using a convenience method based on inclusion criteria (age 60 years and older, high blood pressure and taking antihypertensive drugs for at least 6 months, ability to speak and communicate, having the suitable physical condition (not ill) to participate in research and answer questions, and having informed consent to participate in the study). The research instruments included a Health Literacy Questionnaire for Iranian Adults, a self-efficacy questionnaire in patients with hypertension, and a self-care behavior questionnaire for patients with hypertension. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 19. Key Results: The results showed that most patients had adequate health literacy with a mean score of 116.77 (standard deviation [ SD ] = 8.34), excellent self-efficacy with a mean score of 23.06 ( SD = 1.99) and relatively desirable self-care behaviors with a mean score of 51.79 ( SD = 4.37). Findings also indicated that health literacy can predict self-efficacy (beta = 0.262, p = .001) and self-care behaviors (beta = 0.639, p = .000). Conclusions: Based on results, health literacy is a predictor of self-efficacy variables and self-care behaviors. Therefore, planning to improve the health literacy of the older adult to promote self-efficacy and self-care behaviors and ultimately their health is recommended. [ HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice . 2022;6(4):e262–e269. ] Plain Language Summary: This study sought to determine the role of health literacy in predicting self-efficacy and self-care behaviors in older adults with hypertension admitted to CCU and post-CCU wards in East Guilan public hospitals in the north of Iran. Findings of this research demonstrate health literacy can predict self-efficacy and self-care behaviors.
CONTEXT:Individuals with social well-being can cope more successfully with major problems of social roles. Due to the social nature of human life, it cannot be ignored to pay attention the social aspect of health.AIMS:The purpose of this study was to identify variables that predict the social well-being of medical students.SETTINGS AND DESIGN:A descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 489 medical science students of Gilan Province, the North of Iran, during May to September 2016.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:The samples were selected using quota sampling method. Research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of two parts: demographic section and Keyes social well-being questionnaire.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 19 and with descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression).RESULTS:The results showed that majority of the students had average social well-being. Furthermore, a significant relationship between the academic degree (P = 0.009), major (P = 0.0001), the interest and field's satisfaction (P = 0.0001), and social well-being was seen. The results of linear regression model showed that four variables (academic degree, major, group membership, and the interest and field's satisfaction) were significantly associated with the social well-being (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The findings demonstrate that the different effects of the demographic factors on social well-being and the need for further consideration of these factors are obvious. Thus, health and education authorities are advised to pay attention students’ academic degree, major, group membership, and the interest and field's satisfaction to upgrade and maintain the level of their social well-being.
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