Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the first and most important vector-borne zoonotic disease transmitted by sand flies in Iran. As a parasitic disease in the Old World, it is a complex zoonosis with multiple vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors of pathogenic flagellate protozoan in the genus of Leishmania in different parts of its range. Phlebotomine sand flies are proven as vectors of this parasite which can be transmitted through the bite of an infected female sand fly distributed in almost all parts of Iran. This research performed on all CL patients as that were registered into special forms by physicians and experts during the study period 2006-2013 in the county town of Fasa, Iran. Data were analyzed by Chi square test using SPSS 17 statistics software. Overall, 1,908 patients (59.18 %) lived in rural and 1,316 (40.82 %) lived in urban areas. All ages were between 1 and C30 year. The most frequent age group was C20 years (54.6 %). Sex ratio of patients was almost 1:1 (1,561; 48.42 % male vs. 1,663; 51.58 % female). Most of them (66.84 %) had wet lesions and those with dry lesions were less frequent (33.16 %).There was a significant difference between the frequencies of these two groups (P \ 0.05). Hand ulcers were the most prevalent part of body (43.24 %). The highest prevalence rate (35.14 %) of lesions occurred in autumn. The unstable trend of this disease in different years and its relatively high disease burden affecting all age groups in Fasa with respect to other counties in Iran showed that it was most likely an endemic disease in this region.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one the most important zoonotic diseases has different invertebrate hosts in different parts of its range, the vectors are often closely related. Leishmaniasis is a world-wide vector borne disease, affecting 88 countries: especially in the Middle East and southwestern Asia. Nesokiaindica or M. libycuserythrourus are confirmed as reservoir and Phlebotomine sand flies are proven as vectors of the disease in the south of Iran. Patients' information collected from Firouzabad and Ghirokarzin county, Fars province in Iran during 2006-2014. Data analyzed by Chi square test using SPSS19 statistic software. 613 cases (61.91 %) lived in rural and 377 (38.08 %) lived in urban areas. All ages were grouped between 1 and C30 years. 479 (48.38 %) of patients being male and 511 (51.61 %) female. 39.49 % of patients were with dry lesions and 60.5 % were with wet lesions. Hand ulcers were the highest prevalence part of body (39.59 %). The common frequent size of lesions was lesser than 2 cm. Regarding the most prevalence rate (47.67 %) raised in autumn season. This study showed that cutaneous leishmaniasis was an endemic disease in Firouzabad and Ghirokarzin regions.
Since Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a problematic parasitic infection in the west of Iran, this study was carried out to clarify the epidemiological aspects of Cl. Our database includes all Cl cases with detailed information during 2014-2018 in Ilam province, west of Iran. Patients referred to health and clinical centers in our study areas then health providers and laboratory technicians took smears to detect leishmania parasites under light microscope. SPSS24 software used for analyzing data by the Chi square test. Mehran and Dehloran districts were alone accounted for 50% of all reported cases. C 36 age group was dominant cases also housekeepers were at the top of categories in case of occupation. Hand and leg entangled with this infection more than other organs. Moreover, most cases observed in the winter season, and lesions were 1-3 cm in size. Apart from decreasing Cl cases in our study location compared to 2014, building debris around the urban area should be cleaned up concerning standards of hygiene in each phase to keep rodents away. Additionally, citizens at the land border of Iran-Iraq should protect themselves from sand fly biting at least by insect repellent at peak travel times.
Background: Various chemical control methods have adopted in anti-malaria interventions. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been proven as a candidate in elimination program. On the other hand, resistance to multiple insecticides was implicated as a concern issue in these polices. Pesticides should be evaluated to identify probable resistant and make decision to choose a technique against vectors. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, Bioassay test applied on lambdacyhalothrin WP 10% (0.05 mg a.i. /m 2 ) and deltamethrin WP 5% (0.05 mg a.i./m 2 ) on two surfaces (cement and plaster) against adult mosquitoes of Anopheles stephensi according to WHO criteria to measure the residual activity in Saravan county, southern Iran. Overall, 3960 mosquitoes was used in our research. The mortality rates of An.stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae) measured between selected surfaces and insecticides in several times. Data analyzed by Mann-Whitney (nonparametric test) using SPSS v22 statistic software.Results: This paper illustrated that maximal course of residual efficacy was about 3 months. No statistically significant different was exhibited between type of surface within mortality rates of An. Stephensi (P = 0.724) but lambdacyhalothrin has more durability than deltamethrin Conclusions:We established that lambdacyhalothrin can be used into control and elimination setting of malaria with two rounds of spray at an interval of 3-4 months in south of Iran.
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