Epidemiologic profile of oriental sore caused by Leishmania parasites in a new endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis, southern Iran

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the first and most important vector-borne zoonotic disease transmitted by sand flies in Iran. As a parasitic disease in the Old World, it is a complex zoonosis with multiple vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors of pathogenic flagellate protozoan in the genus of Leishmania in different parts of its range. Phlebotomine sand flies are proven as vectors of this parasite which can be transmitted through the bite of an infected female sand fly distributed in almost all parts of Iran. This research performed on all CL patients as that were registered into special forms by physicians and experts during the study period 2006-2013 in the county town of Fasa, Iran. Data were analyzed by Chi square test using SPSS 17 statistics software. Overall, 1,908 patients (59.18 %) lived in rural and 1,316 (40.82 %) lived in urban areas. All ages were between 1 and C30 year. The most frequent age group was C20 years (54.6 %). Sex ratio of patients was almost 1:1 (1,561; 48.42 % male vs. 1,663; 51.58 % female). Most of them (66.84 %) had wet lesions and those with dry lesions were less frequent (33.16 %).There was a significant difference between the frequencies of these two groups (P \ 0.05). Hand ulcers were the most prevalent part of body (43.24 %). The highest prevalence rate (35.14 %) of lesions occurred in autumn. The unstable trend of this disease in different years and its relatively high disease burden affecting all age groups in Fasa with respect to other counties in Iran showed that it was most likely an endemic disease in this region.

Epidemiological trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis in two endemic focus of disease, south of Iran

“…In this investigation incidence of disease was increased in the autumn season (47.67 %). This result refers to the activity of sand fly during the September-December period, the same as other previous studies (Khosravani et al 2014;Mohammadi-Azni et al 2010). It is remarkable that in current investigation the seasonal transmission of disease was inclined toward to the summer and spring seasons in the latest years (Fig.…”

Epidemiologic Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Khorramshahr, Iran : 2008 - 2016

“…This is consistent with the results of other studies in Iran (5,11,12) and other countries (13). However, a higher number of cases in rural areas are reported in some studies, too (4,14).…”

“…This is related to both 1) children playing games outdoors in the peak activity time of the mosquito, and 2) the weaker immune system of their bodies. Also, in most studies, children make the highest number of infected subjects (3,5,12,(14)(15)(16).…”

Forecasting zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis using meteorological factors in eastern Fars province, Iran: a SARIMA analysis

“…It is the most prevalent type of CL in Iran, reported in 25 of 31 provinces . Fars province is one of the important endemic foci of ZCL in Iran . Despite comprehensive public health activities since 2008 to control leishmaniasis, Fars had the second highest incidence, after Ilam, between 2011 and 2013 .…”