The aim of this study was to develop a continuous professional development training module based on multicultural counselling competency for professional counsellors in Malaysia. The research methodology comprised three phases: (i) training need assessment using survey method, (ii) module design and development and (iii) module evaluation using an experimental design. First, the Multicultural Counselling Competency Survey-Malaysian Counsellor Edition questionnaire was used to collect data from 116 professional counsellors from various work settings. The results clearly indicated the need for continuous professional development training to enhance counsellors’ multicultural counselling competency. The development of the training module adopted Sidek’s model, a Malaysian-based framework for module development. The developed training module was then evaluated for its effectiveness through analysing its content validity and reliability. Results revealed that the training module scored high content validity value of 77.2% (0.77) and satisfactory reliability level (alpha Cronbach’s coefficient value of 0.75). The overall findings of the present research imply that the continuous professional development training module is necessary for enhancing multicultural counselling competency of Malaysian professional counsellors.
Drug abuse has been declared as the number one enemy of the country since 1983. Various efforts have been conducted by the government to help address the problems of drug abuse. The increasing number of drug addicts is not only due to the number of new drug addicts, but also relapse cases. Relapse is caused by 'Triggers' in which the addict feels 'Craving' for drugs. 'Trigger' can be: (1) people, (2) place, (3) situation and (4) drugs itself. There are techniques to help in address the problem of relapse according to the cognitive behavior Therapy. This technique is called 'Relapse Prevention Techniques' (RP) which involving seven (7) steps. The Seven steps are: (1) Identify the level of motivation of the clients, (2) Identify risk situations, (3) change the lifestyle, (4) Identify the client’s process of relapse, (5) identify when the clients made irrelevant decisions (6)Identify cognitive factors related to relapse and (7) Management of risk situations.
Keywords: CBT, relapse, drugs, efficacy, prevention.
Abstrak
Penyalahgunaan dadah telah di istiharkan sebagai musuh nombor satu negara sejak tahun 1983. Pelbagai usaha dan kempen kerajaan telah dijalankan untuk membantu menangani masalah penyalahgunaan dadah ini. Peningkatan bilangan penagih dadah bukan hanya disebabkan bilangan penagih dadah bertambah, tetapi juga bertambahnya bilangan mereka yang menjadi penagih berulang. Penagihan berulang ini disebabkan masalah relaps yang dihadapi oleh mereka yang sudah berhenti dari menyalahguna dadah. Terdapat beberapa faktor pencetus atau triger dimana penagih terasa ’Craving’ teringin untuk menagih atau memgambil dadah kembali. Triger boleh berbentuk: (1) orang, (2) tempat, (3) situasi dan (4) barang. Terapi kognitif tingkah laku memperkenalkan Teknik Pencegahan Relaps (Relapses Prevention) yang melibatkan tujuh langkah iaitu: (1) Mengenalpasti tahap motivasi klien, (2) Mengenalpasti situasi berisiko, (3) Mengubah gaya hidup, (4) Mengenalpasti proses relaps klien, (5) Mengenalpasti situasi klien membuat keputusan yang tidak releven, (6) mengeal pasti faktor kognitif yang berkaitan dengan relaps dan (7) pengurusan situasi berisiko.
Kata Kunci: CBT, relaps, dadah, efikasi, pencegahan.
This study aimed to develop, validate and test a creative therapy module of child counseling using video. Module has been developed based on cognitive theory by Piaget (1962). As a whole, the module contains seven components of creative therapy that will be presented using video to counselors. The seven components of creative therapy are play, coloring, storytelling, sand, clay, puppet and collage therapy. This study is divided into three phases; 1) Module development, 2) Testing the validity of module content, and 3) Testing module reliability. This study uses a descriptive approach as a study design involving expert evaluation. In addition, to collect research data, survey methods are also used. To examine the need for module development, a literature review was conducted. To assess the validity of the module content, a total of 13 study samples consisting of experts in counseling and psychology. The next sample is 27 counselors to evaluate the reliability of the module. The instrument used to evaluate the content validity of the module was a set of content validity questionnaires which was a modification from Russell (1974) that had been suggested by Jamaludin (2002). To test the reliability of the module, researchers have developed a set of questionnaires built on the objectives of each module activity (Sidek & Jamaludin, 2005). The values computed for the content validity were high (80.0%). For the results of the survey, it shows that this module achieves high reliability with an Cronbach's Alpha of 0.97. These findings indicate that the modules developed are appropriate and ready to be implemented.
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