Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), systems are high technical cross-functional information systems that designed to improve organizational performance and competitiveness by streamlining business processes and eliminating duplication of works and data. Regarding the fact that ERP systems have a tremendous advantage for organizations but the implementation of an ERP is not straightforward and it involves significant risks. Several studies have conducted to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) in the ERP implementation process. However, most of those studies are lacking in systematic efforts to classify and evaluating CSFs. This study is motivated by a lack of theoretically research in the classification and evaluating CSFs by considering the causal relationship among CSFs that are affected the successful implementation of ERP systems. To achieve this aim Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Analytical Network Process (ANP) is applied. The proposed methodology implemented in the biggest refrigerator production company in Iran.
Many companies outsource their information systems (ISs) to share risk, reduce cost and achieve high level of performance quality. One of the most important steps in IS outsourcing is selection of the best appropriate candidate information systems for outsourcing. To address such problem, the multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods could be applied. Therefore two MCDM approaches consisting of the integrated fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) for evaluating and selecting the appropriate Information System Project (ISP) can be employed. The proposed method has been applied in an actual case, an online book store in Iran. The FAHP is used to analyze the structure of the outsourcing problem and determine weights of the criteria, and FTOPSIS method is used for final ranking of ISPs. Finally to validate the obtained results, a sensitivity analysis is carried out. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 theory was first developed by Williamson in 1975; 28 this theory explains why firms produce certain goods 29 or services themselves or provide them from other 30 sources in the market if transactions do not exceed 31 production costs [3]. In current competitive world, 32 firms cannot manage all their supply-chain processes 33 given from new product development to retailing 34 by themselves. Firms need to identify and imple-35 ment proper outsourcing and supply-chain practices 36 to be successful. Currently, many large organizations 37 outsource their IS functions. In general, the causes 38 for IS outsourcing in today's businesses are as fol-39 lows: cost saving, increasing the flexibility of the 40 IS department, focusing on IS strategic issues and 41 1064-1246/17/$35.00 © 2017 -IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved U n c o r r e c t e d A u t h o r P r o o f 2 S.Nazari-Shirkouhi et al. / A fuzzy decision making methodology based on fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS core competencies, eliminating of troublesome, han-42 dling everyday problems, technology cost saving, 43 improving IS quality, Improving customer service, 44 increasing and facilitating the access to new technol-45 ogy, and decreasing the risk [4, 5]. Firms initially 46 need to decide whether they tend to perform their 47 IS projects in house or outsource them to other firms. 48 Once they decide to outsource, they need to determine 49 the IS projects to be outsourced and select the best 50 IS providers. In some cases, firms have experienced 51 failure in outsourcing IS projects mainly because of 52 their mistakes in decision making [6]. For example, 53 IT managers reported only 33% satisfaction with out-54 sourced IS services compared to 70-80% satisfaction 55 with outsourced non-IS services [7]. Firms need to 56 recruit IS professionals and provide sufficient band-57 width. Reliability and flexibility are critical when web 58 traffic unexpectedly increases. For example, E-Bay 59 Co. lost 3-5 million dollars when the website crashed 60 and stayed down for almost 24 hours...
During the last decade, information system (IS) outsourcing has emerged as a major issue for organizations. As outsourcing decisions are often based on multicriteria approaches and group decisions, this paper proposes a structured methodology based on Fuzzy group decision making approach to evaluate and select the appropriate information system project (ISP) in an actual case. To achieve our purpose, we argue that seven criteria consisting of risk, management, economics, technology, resource, quality, and strategy and five ISPs should be considered for outsourcing decisions. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) to find the priority and ranking of each ISP is considered. Using fuzzy theory for selecting the proper IS project can reduce ambiguities and uncertainties that are inherent in the selection procedure. A sensitivity analysis is performed to check the steadiness of the priority ranking and help decision makers to understand different scenarios that show alternative potential developments or different viewpoints concerning the relative importance of the criteria. Our proposed methodology can be applied by a cross-functional team of practitioners and IT managers to select the proper IS project. Also, the proposed approach can effectively consider complex and qualitative decision variables involved in the IS outsourcing decision-making problem. Finally, conclusion and potential issues for future research are presented. The main findings of this research have showed that the combination of AHP method and fuzzy concept to rank and prioritize of IS projects to outsource is a useful and practical tool to make traceable and reliable decision. According to results, a priority of overall score for the five candidates of IS projects reflects that project of "development of the supplier relationship management information system" performs the best, and project of "facilities management" performs the worst according to the experts' judgment in case study.
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