Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogenic microbe that is caused by various diseases in humans and animals. Infectious diseases caused by S. aureus in Asia reached 70% in 2007, while in Indonesia reached 23.5%. The plant provided several bioactive compounds that might function as an antibacterial which inhibits both bacterial growth and damaging the cell system and protein synthesis. Coleus arthropurpureus known contains alkaloids and tannins that supposed to be an antibacterial compound. Tannins have antibacterial activity, in general, the mechanism is to damage the bacterial cell membrane and induce the formation of complex compound bonds to enzymes or microbial substrates. This study aims to analyze the bioactive compounds contained in C. arthropurpureus in qualitative and quantitative which have an antimicrobial function using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the reverse phase C-18 column and screening of antibacterial activity was carried out by disc diffusion method. The results of both qualitative and quantitative analysis by HPLC has obtained the presence of tannin bioactive compounds (1.48 ppm at a retention time of 2.806 minutes) and alkaloids (1.11 ppm at a retention time of 7.015). Moreover, we verified the diameter of inhibition of growth zone against S. aureus at a concentration of 15% extract was 12.80 mm. It was found that the highest percentage of the bioactive compound in C. arthropurpureus is tannin, and that is might an antibacterial agent.
This research is motivated by the E-KTP corruptionnewscases reported by Liputan6.com, in reporting cases of corruption E-ID card is a case that has since 3 (three) years ago investigated by the Commission and has not been resolved until today and had 2 (two ) the person determined to be a suspect and many witnesses who have been examined by the Commission graft procurement project E-KTP. This study aims to determine Domain Discourse, Subject Discourse and Tools Discourse in reporting corruption cases E-KTP in Liputan6.com site. The method used is a qualitative research MAK Halliday social semiotic approach in defining the text of a news and review thesystem in the form of sign language generated by humans. The results of this study indicate that there are three different contexts, namely the Domain Discourse, Subject Discourse and Tools Discourse. In the Domain Discourse that made Nazaruddin words that reveal there is a flow of funds E-ID card project to a certain political parties who sit in the House. The immediate goal is that people or readers know that this case is a big and difficult cases handled by KPK today. Long-term goal is this news or placed on online media sites so that people can read anytime and anywhere. Subject Discourse in this newsthat is quoted were Nazaruddin, Novanto, Febri Diansyah, Sugiharto, Ganjar Pranowo, Markus Nari, Chairuman Harahap, Junaidi, Elza Syarif, Basaria Panjaitan, and Irman. Their role there is a witness, a suspect, spokesman and lawyers. Some social distance among them which has a distance and tone; others have a relationship like Nazaruddin, Novanto, Ganjar Pranowo, Chairuman Harahap, and Markus Nari had worked a member of DPR Commission II. Irman, Sugiharto, and Junaidi both working at the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Febri Diansyah and Basaria Panjaitan was KPK spokesman. Elza syarif was attorney Nazaruddin. Furthermore tools discourse in this news style of language used is Eufisme, Aptronim, Apofasis, Majas Tautology, Contradiction Minus And Ellipsis. What type of interaction is dialogical. The medium used is writing. Channels visual form because this story was written, and only can be seen. Rhetorical mode that is used is persuasive because it aims to influence the attitudes of the public and readers to always follow the news. Keywords: Liputan6.Com, E-KTP Corruption News, MAK Halliday
Abstract. Sofiyanti N, Sari AK, Iriani D, Mutrofin R, Taufiq I, Juliantari E, Pranata S. 2021. Morphological and anatomical study of four Pyrrosia (Polypodiaeae) species from Rumbai forest, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4905-4914. Pyrrosia is one of genera in Polypodiaceae that is commonly distributed at Riau Forest, Indonesia. However, the detailed morphological characteristics and anatomical study of Pyrrosia in this region is scanty. This study was aimed to characterize the morphology and anatomy of four Pyrrosia species (P. angustata, P. lanceolata, P. nipoboloides and P. piloselloides) from Rumbai Forest, Riau Province. All of the specimens were collected in the field. Morphological characters were examined in detail. Anatomical preparation was conducted using the paraffin method. The specimens were then observed and photographed using a light microscope. Principal Component Analysis had been carried out using a total of 52 morphological and anatomical characters. The result showed the morphological variation among the species, especially on the shape of sterile lamina and sori characteristics. Anatomically, the examined species showed variations in outline shape in the transverse section of rhizomes and stipes, schelerenchymatous sheath and strand, as well as number of meristele. The PCA results showed that only three characters (shape of sterile laminae, base of sterile laminae, and upper surface color of sterile laminae) have eigenvalue over 1.00 and together these explain 100% of the total variability of the data. The anatomical data in this study is reported for the first time on Pyrrosia from Riau province.
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