Properly following up adolescent pregnancies during prenatal and postnatal periods may be helpful for preventing the negative impacts on mother and infant health.
The nutrient composition of breast milk alters during lactation, and maternal BMI adds more intricacy into its complexity. We aimed to compare leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and IGF-1 levels of pre-feed and post-feed breast milk in mothers with obesity and normal weight, and tried to determine their effects on infants’ growth over weight for length z-score. 20 obese and 20 normal weight mothers with 2 month old infants were enrolled in this case-control study. 5 mL pre-feed breast milk and 5 mL post-feed breast milk were collected. Breast milk leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and insulin like growth factor-1 were measured by commercial kits. The pre-feed breast milk of mothers with obesity had significantly higher levels of ghrelin than mothers with normal weight (p= 0.025), whereas the post-feed breast milk of mothers with normal weight had higher levels of adiponectin than the mothers with obesity (p= 0.010). No significant differences were observed in leptin and IGF-1 levels between the two groups. Post-feed breast milk IGF-1 levels of mothers with obesity were correlated with infant’s weight for length z-score at 2 months (r= -0.476; p= 0.034). In linear regression models, parity affected the ghrelin in pre-feed breast milk (p= 0.025). Our results revealed that maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with breast milk components.
Studies describing paediatric sleep patterns are needed by taking culture into consideration. The aim of this study was to identify parent-reported sleep-wake patterns in young children and explore possible factors influencing sleep problems. The mothers of 2,434 young children enrolled from well-child outpatient
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.