Objective and background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which is characterized by a progressive loss in the matrix of soft and hard tissue of periodontium particularly the collagen fibers which are cleaved by matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP). Indeed, increased activity of MMP mediates progression of periodontal diseases but population-based genetic variations could determine the susceptibility to the disease. The aim was to investigate association between MMP-1-1607 polymorphism with periodontitis among Iraqi individuals. Subjects and methods: The design of this study was a case-control for Iraqi individuals who were divided into two groups; periodontitis group (cases) and those with healthy periodontium (Control). For each subject, clinical periodontal parameters and demographic characteristics were recorded and venous blood was withdrawn for genetic analysis of MMP-1 by using PCR technique and DNA sequencing. Results: Analysis of MMP-1-1607 genotypes, by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, showed significant differences in the total sample. The most predominant MMP-1-1607 genotype among Controls was 1G/2G which was significantly different from periodontitis cohorts. Overall, 13 SNP were detected in periodontitis group versus 17 SNP in Control group. In addition, the periodontitis group showed a significant negative association between the probing pocket depth and MMP-1-1607. Conclusion: Results suggested that polymorphisms in MMP-1-1607 1G/2G may play a protective role and decreasing the susceptibility to periodontitis.
Streptococcus mutans is a normal flora bacteria found in human oral cavity, which cause dental caries and bad breathe oder. This project considered as an explorer study for the inhibitory effect of Cyperus rotundus L. crude extract on S. mutans and Candida albicans by agar well diffusion method.Extract of plant with three concentrations (8,16and 32 fold dilution of the MIC) were prepared and investigated for antibacterial activity. The minimal inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) against S. mutans of crude extract was 5 mg/ml. Crude extract also tested for antimicrobial susceptibility compared with standard antibiotic kanamycin. The three concentrations of the extract showed high effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The means of inhibition zone diameters were 20.1, 23.4, and 25.2 mm for Streptococcus mutans. The largest inhibition zone 25.2 mm in diameter was observed in crude concentration 32 X MIC comparing to 17.3 mm in kanamycin.There was moderate effect of the three concentration of extract on the growth of Candida albicans, the means of inhibition zone diameters were 15.3, 20.1, and 21.0mm. The largest inhibition zone 21.0 mm in diameter was observed in crude 32 x MIC comparing to 16.7 mm in amphotreicin B.Although those results support the traditional use of Cyperus rotundus L. for the treatment of dental caries, further study is required for this medicinal plant.
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