Objective and background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which is characterized by a progressive loss in the matrix of soft and hard tissue of periodontium particularly the collagen fibers which are cleaved by matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP). Indeed, increased activity of MMP mediates progression of periodontal diseases but population-based genetic variations could determine the susceptibility to the disease. The aim was to investigate association between MMP-1-1607 polymorphism with periodontitis among Iraqi individuals. Subjects and methods: The design of this study was a case-control for Iraqi individuals who were divided into two groups; periodontitis group (cases) and those with healthy periodontium (Control). For each subject, clinical periodontal parameters and demographic characteristics were recorded and venous blood was withdrawn for genetic analysis of MMP-1 by using PCR technique and DNA sequencing. Results: Analysis of MMP-1-1607 genotypes, by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, showed significant differences in the total sample. The most predominant MMP-1-1607 genotype among Controls was 1G/2G which was significantly different from periodontitis cohorts. Overall, 13 SNP were detected in periodontitis group versus 17 SNP in Control group. In addition, the periodontitis group showed a significant negative association between the probing pocket depth and MMP-1-1607. Conclusion: Results suggested that polymorphisms in MMP-1-1607 1G/2G may play a protective role and decreasing the susceptibility to periodontitis.
Background: The oral cavity is considered as a complex ecological niche, its complex microbial community is reflected to it. Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as one of the major etiological factor of dental caries. Tooth surfaces colonized with Streptococcus mutans are at a higher risk for developing caries, while lactobacilli are considered as the secondary invaders, not initiators of the carious lesion. The main purpose of this study was to correlate the dental caries (for primary and permanent teeth) in the upper jaw with the streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli count in the dental plaque and saliva, also to correlate the dental caries (for primary and permanent teeth) in the lower jaw with the streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli count in the saliva. Materials and methods: Forty seven children aged 5-9 years old were selected for this study. Dental caries recording was carried out by the dmfs index (decayed, missed, filled surfaces for primary teeth) to inspect the primary teeth and DMFS index (decayed, missed, filled surfaces for permanent teeth) to inspect the permanent teeth, by using the dental mirror and explorer. Collection of salivary samples was performed in the morning between (10-11) a.m. at least one hour after breakfast, then normal saline was added to have tenfold dilutions, for the purpose of full colony counting of the caries related microorganisms (streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli), then inoculation was done in the special selective media (for the streptococcus mutans is Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin agar, and for the lactobacilli is Rogosa agar). Counting of the colonies of the bacteria were estimated by the aid of dissection microscope Results: The highest level of dmfs means was found in primary upper teeth, it was 17.6383 ± 10.10 while for the permanent teeth the mean of DS and DMFS was highest in the lower teeth, it was 0.7391 ± 1. Pearson correlation was used to show the correlation between the ds and dmfs of upper and lower primary teeth with the level of streptococcus mutans in saliva (sm. Sal) and lactobacillus in saliva ,there was a significant correlation between the ds and dmfs for upper primary teeth at level 0.01 (2-tailed), and there was negative correlation between dsl and level of streptococcus mutans in saliva (sm. Sal) also there was negative correlation between dmfs for upper and lower primary teeth with level of streptococcus mutans in saliva, also the correlation between lactobacillus level in plaque with streptococcus level in plaque was negative, while for upper permanent teeth the correlation was negative with both type of bacteria level in plaque with the DSU and DMFSU Conclusion: The caries activity was more prominent in upper teeth than lower teeth, levels of streptococcus mutans were not associated with high caries activity, which emphasizes and consistent with the fact that the dental caries is a multifactorial disease, related to many factors.
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